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<p>The performance of Electric Vehicles (EVs) is strongly influenced by battery chemistry selection, as it directly affects energy efficiency, voltage stability, thermal behavior, and overall system reliability under real-world operating conditions. While Lithium Nickel Manganese Cobalt Oxide (Li-NMC) batteries are widely deployed in commercial EVs and Lithium–Sulfur (Li–S) batteries are actively explored for their high theoretical energy density, comparative system-level evaluations under standardized driving cycles remain limited. To address this gap, this study presents an electrochemically informed modeling framework for the comparative assessment of Li-NMC and Li–S chemistries in an electric vehicle operating under the New European Driving Cycle (NEDC). The complete governing electrochemical equations are retained and detailed in the Appendix to preserve the physicochemical foundation of the model; however, for pack-level vehicle simulation, a computationally efficient reduced-order representation derived from electrochemical principles is implemented within a MATLAB/Simulink-based powertrain model. The framework evaluates key battery performance indicators, including State of Charge (SOC), voltage response, current demand, delivered energy, heat generation, and temperature evolution under identical operating conditions. The results highlight the distinct electrochemical and thermal trade-offs between the two chemistries, providing quantitative insight into their relative suitability for electric powertrain applications and offering a physics-informed yet computationally tractable approach for battery selection in future EV design.</p>

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Electrochemical modelling-based performance evaluation of Li-NMC and Li–S batteries under NEDC conditions

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月14日

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  • Sivanesan Murugesan,
  • Surya Ganesh,
  • Naresh Gnanasekaran,
  • Praveenkumar Thangavelu,
  • Valli Shanmuga Raja Manohar,
  • Engu Nikhith,
  • Senthilkumar  D

摘要

The performance of Electric Vehicles (EVs) is strongly influenced by battery chemistry selection, as it directly affects energy efficiency, voltage stability, thermal behavior, and overall system reliability under real-world operating conditions. While Lithium Nickel Manganese Cobalt Oxide (Li-NMC) batteries are widely deployed in commercial EVs and Lithium–Sulfur (Li–S) batteries are actively explored for their high theoretical energy density, comparative system-level evaluations under standardized driving cycles remain limited. To address this gap, this study presents an electrochemically informed modeling framework for the comparative assessment of Li-NMC and Li–S chemistries in an electric vehicle operating under the New European Driving Cycle (NEDC). The complete governing electrochemical equations are retained and detailed in the Appendix to preserve the physicochemical foundation of the model; however, for pack-level vehicle simulation, a computationally efficient reduced-order representation derived from electrochemical principles is implemented within a MATLAB/Simulink-based powertrain model. The framework evaluates key battery performance indicators, including State of Charge (SOC), voltage response, current demand, delivered energy, heat generation, and temperature evolution under identical operating conditions. The results highlight the distinct electrochemical and thermal trade-offs between the two chemistries, providing quantitative insight into their relative suitability for electric powertrain applications and offering a physics-informed yet computationally tractable approach for battery selection in future EV design.