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<p>Sodium-ion batteries are emerging as a promising next-generation energy storage technology due to the abundance and low cost of sodium resources, as well as their high compatibility with existing lithium-ion battery production. This review summarizes key recent advances. For positive electrodes, the structure-performance relationships and modification strategies of layered oxides, polyanion compounds, Prussian blue analogs, and organic materials are discussed. For negative electrodes, sodium storage mechanisms and optimization approaches for hard carbon, other carbon-based materials, alloy negative electrodes, and titanium-based compounds are examined. The characteristics of liquid and solid electrolytes are analyzed, focusing on their impact on interfacial stability, such as the formation of the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI). Strategies for optimal full-cell design, including pre-sodiation, are also elaborated. Based on the performance of current industrial demonstration cells, core challenges in further enhancing energy density, achieving long cycle life, and ensuring safety are thoroughly analyzed. Future research directions are prospected, including developing novel material systems, achieving precise interfacial control, applying advanced characterization techniques, and innovating low-cost, green manufacturing processes. This review aims to provide insights for scientific breakthroughs and the commercial advancement of sodium-ion battery technology.</p>

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Sodium-ion Batteries: A comprehensive review of materials chemistry, interfacial challenges, and industrialization progress

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月28日

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  • Xuexue Pan,
  • Wenkai Li,
  • Yating Zhou,
  • Yitong Zhang,
  • Wenwen Yang,
  • Meijuan Zhong,
  • Ziman Li,
  • Jingqi Chen,
  • Yuanlin Xie,
  • Xiaoyong Lin,
  • Yajian Liu,
  • Jiaya Xu,
  • Xiaoyan Huang,
  • Jiahong Chen,
  • Caishan Lu,
  • Yuyan Zhou,
  • Ziyun Dai,
  • Qian Liu,
  • Rong Hu

摘要

Sodium-ion batteries are emerging as a promising next-generation energy storage technology due to the abundance and low cost of sodium resources, as well as their high compatibility with existing lithium-ion battery production. This review summarizes key recent advances. For positive electrodes, the structure-performance relationships and modification strategies of layered oxides, polyanion compounds, Prussian blue analogs, and organic materials are discussed. For negative electrodes, sodium storage mechanisms and optimization approaches for hard carbon, other carbon-based materials, alloy negative electrodes, and titanium-based compounds are examined. The characteristics of liquid and solid electrolytes are analyzed, focusing on their impact on interfacial stability, such as the formation of the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI). Strategies for optimal full-cell design, including pre-sodiation, are also elaborated. Based on the performance of current industrial demonstration cells, core challenges in further enhancing energy density, achieving long cycle life, and ensuring safety are thoroughly analyzed. Future research directions are prospected, including developing novel material systems, achieving precise interfacial control, applying advanced characterization techniques, and innovating low-cost, green manufacturing processes. This review aims to provide insights for scientific breakthroughs and the commercial advancement of sodium-ion battery technology.