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<p>The dilemma of “efficiency-life-thermal safety” for fast charging of lithium-ion batteries (LiBs) in electric vehicles (EVs) is becoming increasingly prominent under the consumption of non-renewable energy and the growing demand for environmental protection. This paper constructs an electrochemical-thermal-life model (ETLM) and proposes a comprehensive multi-stage constant current (C-MCC) charging strategy. The strategy uses the negative electrode overpotential and temperature as dual constraint boundaries and dynamically adjusts the charging current by real-time monitoring of the internal electrochemical state of the battery. Experimental verification shows that the maximum relative error between the voltage and temperature curves predicted by the ETLM model and the measured values is less than 5%. Compared with the traditional constant current constant voltage (CC-CV) charging, the C-MCC strategy achieves a charging efficiency exceeding 2C rate when the charging SOC is below 0.64, and after 300 cycles, the relative capacity is maintained at 0.968. By strictly controlling the negative electrode overpotential above 0&#xa0;V, lithium plating (LiP) is effectively suppressed. The parameter optimization results of the C-MCC strategy indicate that the 4C-0.1C scheme performs best in scenarios prioritizing charging efficiency, while the 4C-0.4C scheme is more suitable for balancing efficiency and control complexity.</p>

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Researches on fast charging strategy for comprehensive multi-stage constant current of lithium-ion battery based on electrochemical-thermal-life model

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月29日

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  • Yizhuo Zhang,
  • Yihui Liu,
  • Panyun Wu,
  • Yiping Wang

摘要

The dilemma of “efficiency-life-thermal safety” for fast charging of lithium-ion batteries (LiBs) in electric vehicles (EVs) is becoming increasingly prominent under the consumption of non-renewable energy and the growing demand for environmental protection. This paper constructs an electrochemical-thermal-life model (ETLM) and proposes a comprehensive multi-stage constant current (C-MCC) charging strategy. The strategy uses the negative electrode overpotential and temperature as dual constraint boundaries and dynamically adjusts the charging current by real-time monitoring of the internal electrochemical state of the battery. Experimental verification shows that the maximum relative error between the voltage and temperature curves predicted by the ETLM model and the measured values is less than 5%. Compared with the traditional constant current constant voltage (CC-CV) charging, the C-MCC strategy achieves a charging efficiency exceeding 2C rate when the charging SOC is below 0.64, and after 300 cycles, the relative capacity is maintained at 0.968. By strictly controlling the negative electrode overpotential above 0 V, lithium plating (LiP) is effectively suppressed. The parameter optimization results of the C-MCC strategy indicate that the 4C-0.1C scheme performs best in scenarios prioritizing charging efficiency, while the 4C-0.4C scheme is more suitable for balancing efficiency and control complexity.