Miniaturized 3D-printed photo-electrochemical membraneless fuel cell for sustainable energy applications
摘要
The demand for compact, efficient, and sustainable power sources has driven innovation in portable energy electronics, necessitating solutions that are both high-performing and adaptable. This work presents a miniaturized membraneless photocatalytic fuel cell (PFC) fabricated using stereolithography (SLA) 3D printing and employing titanium dioxide (TiO2)-modified carbon cloth (CC) as the working electrode. The TiO2 modification enhanced the catalytic activity, surface area, and electrochemical properties of the CC, and the SLA 3D printing enabled precise miniaturization and structural flexibility tailored for wearable applications. The fabricated PFC demonstrated excellent performance under LED light and xenon solar simulation, achieving an open-circuit voltage (OCV) of 848 mV, a maximum power density of 152 µW/cm², and a short-circuit current density of 1.087 mA/cm² while using KOH as electrolyte with a concentration of 0.7 M. The synergy between 3D-printed design versatility and the enhanced properties of TiO2-modified CC underscores the potential of this approach to deliver reliable, eco-friendly, and scalable energy solutions for portable devices such as PFCs. Consequently, the developed miniaturized PFC provides better power density, making it a more sustainable and renewable clean energy source.