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<p>Small biomolecules are critical for preserving the metabolic equilibrium of living systems, and accurate concentration monitoring is necessary to comprehend physiological processes. A new composite material combining nickel tungstate oxide (NiWO₄) nanoparticles(NPs) and reduced graphene oxide (RGO) was developed and utilized for the electrochemical sensing of the small biomolecule L-Tryptophan (L-TRP) using a glassy carbon electrode (GCE). A NiWO₄/RGO@GCE integrates the merits of abundant active sites and reduced graphene oxide with large specific surface area, thus exhibiting desirable electron transfer capability and electrochemical catalytic performance. The successful synthesis of the nanocomposite was verified using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and Raman spectroscopy. For the electrochemical detection of L-Tryptophan (L-TRP), techniques such as cyclic voltammetry (CV) and square wave voltammetry (SWV) were employed. The developed electrode demonstrated a linear detection range for L-Tryptophan from 6 to 1000 µM, with a limit of detection (LOD) of 8.43 nM and a limit of quantification (LOQ) of 28.10 nM. Besides, it demonstrated satisfactory selectivity, repeatability and stability. More importantly, the sensor has been successfully applied to detect L-TRP in biological and water samples. This work is expected to provide a reference strategy for sensing material design and further detection application.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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High-performance detection of tryptophan using a NiWO₄/RGO nanohybrid modified electrode in environmental applications

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月17日

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  • Raveendra B. Manami,
  • Manjunath B. Megalamani,
  • Rajesh G. Kalkhambkar,
  • Sharanappa T. Nandibewoor,
  • Prashanth S. Adarakatti,
  • Katabathini Narasimharao,
  • Mohammad Arshad

摘要

Small biomolecules are critical for preserving the metabolic equilibrium of living systems, and accurate concentration monitoring is necessary to comprehend physiological processes. A new composite material combining nickel tungstate oxide (NiWO₄) nanoparticles(NPs) and reduced graphene oxide (RGO) was developed and utilized for the electrochemical sensing of the small biomolecule L-Tryptophan (L-TRP) using a glassy carbon electrode (GCE). A NiWO₄/RGO@GCE integrates the merits of abundant active sites and reduced graphene oxide with large specific surface area, thus exhibiting desirable electron transfer capability and electrochemical catalytic performance. The successful synthesis of the nanocomposite was verified using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and Raman spectroscopy. For the electrochemical detection of L-Tryptophan (L-TRP), techniques such as cyclic voltammetry (CV) and square wave voltammetry (SWV) were employed. The developed electrode demonstrated a linear detection range for L-Tryptophan from 6 to 1000 µM, with a limit of detection (LOD) of 8.43 nM and a limit of quantification (LOQ) of 28.10 nM. Besides, it demonstrated satisfactory selectivity, repeatability and stability. More importantly, the sensor has been successfully applied to detect L-TRP in biological and water samples. This work is expected to provide a reference strategy for sensing material design and further detection application.

Graphical abstract