Electrochemical detection of flutamide using manganese(II) impregnated zeolite/MWCNT composite electrode
摘要
Flutamide (FLU), an anticancer drug, was electrochemically quantified using a novel electrode comprising manganese(II) impregnated-zeolite combined with decorated multi-walled carbon nanotubes (Mn-Zeo/MWCNTs). The electrode was fabricated through a multi-step procedure and characterized by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy to confirm its structural and functional properties. The electrochemical behavior of FLU was thoroughly investigated by optimizing several electrochemical parameters, including the scan rate, potential range, scan direction, and solution pH. Notably, FLU exhibited a distinct reduction peak at -0.7 V, which was well-separated from the hydrogen evolution peak, ensuring accurate detection without interference. The enhancement of FLU electroreduction at Mn-Zeo/MWCNTs can be attributed to the synergistic effects of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and zeolite, which increase the surface area and enhance the adsorption capacity. NaY zeolite was selected for its high surface area, uniform pores, and strong ion-exchange capacity, enabling efficient Mn dispersion and enhanced analyte adsorption and electron transfer with MWCNTs. Its stability, low cost, and availability make it an ideal support for practical electrochemical sensors. The reduction process of FLU was found to be governed by both adsorption and diffusion mechanisms. Square Wave Voltammetry (SWV) was employed for the quantitative analysis of FLU, revealing a linear concentration range of 2.25 × 10− 2–1.75 × 10− 1 mM with a strong correlation coefficient, demonstrating the high sensitivity and reliability of the Mn-Zeo/MWCNTs electrode for FLU detection. Limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) were calculated and found to be 0.90 and 2.70 µM, respectively. This approach provides a promising method for the electrochemical determination of FLU, with potential applications in cancer drug monitoring and pharmaceutical analysis.