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<p>Biochar made from Empty Fruit Bunch (EFB) and biochar/metal oxide composite has recently drawn interest as supercapacitor electrode material because of its high specific surface area, potential stability, and affordability. This research focuses on producing biochar from EFB using gasification method and activating it, followed by developing its composite materials of ZnO/biochar, along with developing high-performance supercapacitors. The physico-chemical properties of the produced biochar and ZnO/biochar composites with varying mass ratio were investigated with the help of Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The purpose of this investigation is to verify the successful integration of biochar and ZnO into a composite material, as well as to investigate the structural and morphological characteristics. Electrochemical analyses of cyclic voltammetry (CV), galvanostatic charge-discharge (GCD), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) were then carried out on the biochar and all synthesized ZnO/biochar composites with mass ratios of 1:1, 1:2, and 1:3. The electrochemical performance of biochar and ZnO/biochar is favourable according to the experimental results obtained. The 3-electrode system result has obtained a maximum specific capacitance of 145 Fg<sup>− 1</sup> for biochar and 295 Fg<sup>− 1</sup> for a ZnO/biochar ratio of 1:2 at a current density of 0.5 Ag<sup>− 1</sup>. For 3-electrode system, the series resistance (Rs) of biochar and ZnO/biochar (1:2) is 1.12Ω and 1.95Ω respectively while the charge transfer resistance (Rct) of biochar and ZnO/biochar (1:2) is 18.54Ω and 0.85Ω respectively. The fabricated hybrid supercapacitor achieved the highest specific capacitance of 120 Fg<sup>− 1</sup> for biochar and 226 Fg<sup>− 1</sup> for ZnO/biochar (1:2). For fabricated hybrid supercapacitor, the series resistance (Rs) of biochar and ZnO/biochar (1:2) is 3.23Ω and 2.81Ω respectively while the charge transfer resistance (Rct) of biochar and ZnO/biochar (1:2) is 14.87Ω and 9.35Ω respectively. After 5000 charge-discharge cycles, the fabricated supercapacitor maintained 90% of capacitance for biochar and 93% for ZnO/biochar (1:2). Overall, the findings showed that biochar exhibits excellent potential for use in supercapacitors.</p>

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Synthesis and characterization of ZnO/biochar composite as electrode material for hybrid supercapacitor

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月1日

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  • Yogini Gunasekaran,
  • Nanthini Mohana Suntharam,
  • Shahid Bashir,
  • B. Vengadaesvaran,
  • Saravanaa Gunasegeran,
  • Narmatha Gopalakrishnan,
  • S. Ramesh,
  • K. Ramesh,
  • Ong Gerard,
  • M. Pershaanaa

摘要

Biochar made from Empty Fruit Bunch (EFB) and biochar/metal oxide composite has recently drawn interest as supercapacitor electrode material because of its high specific surface area, potential stability, and affordability. This research focuses on producing biochar from EFB using gasification method and activating it, followed by developing its composite materials of ZnO/biochar, along with developing high-performance supercapacitors. The physico-chemical properties of the produced biochar and ZnO/biochar composites with varying mass ratio were investigated with the help of Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The purpose of this investigation is to verify the successful integration of biochar and ZnO into a composite material, as well as to investigate the structural and morphological characteristics. Electrochemical analyses of cyclic voltammetry (CV), galvanostatic charge-discharge (GCD), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) were then carried out on the biochar and all synthesized ZnO/biochar composites with mass ratios of 1:1, 1:2, and 1:3. The electrochemical performance of biochar and ZnO/biochar is favourable according to the experimental results obtained. The 3-electrode system result has obtained a maximum specific capacitance of 145 Fg− 1 for biochar and 295 Fg− 1 for a ZnO/biochar ratio of 1:2 at a current density of 0.5 Ag− 1. For 3-electrode system, the series resistance (Rs) of biochar and ZnO/biochar (1:2) is 1.12Ω and 1.95Ω respectively while the charge transfer resistance (Rct) of biochar and ZnO/biochar (1:2) is 18.54Ω and 0.85Ω respectively. The fabricated hybrid supercapacitor achieved the highest specific capacitance of 120 Fg− 1 for biochar and 226 Fg− 1 for ZnO/biochar (1:2). For fabricated hybrid supercapacitor, the series resistance (Rs) of biochar and ZnO/biochar (1:2) is 3.23Ω and 2.81Ω respectively while the charge transfer resistance (Rct) of biochar and ZnO/biochar (1:2) is 14.87Ω and 9.35Ω respectively. After 5000 charge-discharge cycles, the fabricated supercapacitor maintained 90% of capacitance for biochar and 93% for ZnO/biochar (1:2). Overall, the findings showed that biochar exhibits excellent potential for use in supercapacitors.