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<p>The development of efficient and stable electrocatalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is crucial for advancing sustainable hydrogen production. In this study, a polyaniline (PANI)-supported Pd–Au bimetallic film on pencil graphite (PGP), denoted as Pd–Au–PANI@PGP, was fabricated and evaluated for HER activity in 0.5&#xa0;M H₂SO₄. The catalyst was characterized using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Energy-Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDX), which confirmed the successful surface modification of PGP with Pd and Au, along with the polymeric network of PANI. The chemical composition and electronic structure were further examined by X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), revealing a high proportion of metallic Pd and Au species. Electrochemical performance was assessed via linear sweep voltammetry (LSV), Tafel analysis, electrochemical active surface area (ECSA), and turnover frequency (TOF) measurements. The Pd–Au–PANI@PGP electrode exhibited an exceptionally low overpotential of 31.6 mV at 10&#xa0;mA cm⁻², comparable to the benchmark Pt–C@GC catalyst (19 mV). The enhanced activity is attributed to the synergistic effect of Pd and Au, which facilitates electron transfer and accelerates catalytic kinetics. Tafel slope analysis confirmed that the HER process is primarily governed by the Volmer step, with Pd–Au–PANI@PGP exhibiting the lowest slope (91.44 mV dec⁻¹), indicative of improved reaction kinetics. The high exchange current density (4.65&#xa0;mA cm⁻²) and large ECSA (1.64&#xa0;cm²) further validate its superior catalytic activity. Moreover, the TOF of Pd–Au–PANI@PGP (0.0971&#xa0;s⁻¹) significantly surpasses that of other modified electrodes, confirming its excellent intrinsic activity. Long-term stability, evaluated by chronoamperometry, showed negligible current degradation over 6&#xa0;h, underscoring the durability of the catalyst. Overall, these results demonstrate that Pd–Au–PANI@PGP is a highly promising HER electrocatalyst, offering outstanding activity, rapid reaction kinetics, and excellent stability, making it a viable candidate for future hydrogen production applications.</p>

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Pd-Au bimetallic thin film on polyaniline decorated graphite substrate for efficient hydrogen evolution reaction under acidic condition

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月14日

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  • Motasim B. Islam,
  • Md Nurnobi Islam,
  • Jahir Ahmed,
  • Nayan Ranjan Singha,
  • Mohammad Afsar Uddin,
  • Lidia Martínez,
  • Yves Huttel,
  • M. Faisal,
  • Jari S. Algethami,
  • Farid A. Harraz,
  • Mohammad A. Hasnat

摘要

The development of efficient and stable electrocatalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is crucial for advancing sustainable hydrogen production. In this study, a polyaniline (PANI)-supported Pd–Au bimetallic film on pencil graphite (PGP), denoted as Pd–Au–PANI@PGP, was fabricated and evaluated for HER activity in 0.5 M H₂SO₄. The catalyst was characterized using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Energy-Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDX), which confirmed the successful surface modification of PGP with Pd and Au, along with the polymeric network of PANI. The chemical composition and electronic structure were further examined by X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), revealing a high proportion of metallic Pd and Au species. Electrochemical performance was assessed via linear sweep voltammetry (LSV), Tafel analysis, electrochemical active surface area (ECSA), and turnover frequency (TOF) measurements. The Pd–Au–PANI@PGP electrode exhibited an exceptionally low overpotential of 31.6 mV at 10 mA cm⁻², comparable to the benchmark Pt–C@GC catalyst (19 mV). The enhanced activity is attributed to the synergistic effect of Pd and Au, which facilitates electron transfer and accelerates catalytic kinetics. Tafel slope analysis confirmed that the HER process is primarily governed by the Volmer step, with Pd–Au–PANI@PGP exhibiting the lowest slope (91.44 mV dec⁻¹), indicative of improved reaction kinetics. The high exchange current density (4.65 mA cm⁻²) and large ECSA (1.64 cm²) further validate its superior catalytic activity. Moreover, the TOF of Pd–Au–PANI@PGP (0.0971 s⁻¹) significantly surpasses that of other modified electrodes, confirming its excellent intrinsic activity. Long-term stability, evaluated by chronoamperometry, showed negligible current degradation over 6 h, underscoring the durability of the catalyst. Overall, these results demonstrate that Pd–Au–PANI@PGP is a highly promising HER electrocatalyst, offering outstanding activity, rapid reaction kinetics, and excellent stability, making it a viable candidate for future hydrogen production applications.