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<p>In this study, spent lithium iron phosphate (LFP) LIBs from electric vehicles were recycled through hydrometallurgical and pyrometallurgical routes. The spent cathode material was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, energy-dispersive spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry. LiFePO<sub>4</sub>, Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, and FePO<sub>4</sub> were identified as the predominant phases, and Fe(OH)<sub>3</sub> and Fe<sub>2</sub>(PO<sub>4</sub>)O as secondary phases. Alkaline leaching was found to be effective in recovering lithium and preserving structural components, such as LiFePO<sub>4</sub>. The residue was then used for the synthesis of a novel material. Structural and morphological characterization by XRD, Raman spectroscopy, and SEM revealed a disordered crystalline phase of β-LiFe<sub>5</sub>O<sub>8</sub>/α-Li<sub>2</sub>FeO<sub>3</sub>/α-Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> with agglomerated grains of irregular particle sizes. The recycled material exhibited pseudocapacitor behavior, with a specific capacitance of 3.0&#xa0;F g<sup>− 1</sup> and 82% capacitance retention over 250 charge/discharge cycles at a current density of 0.7&#xa0;A g<sup>− 1</sup> showed potential as a pseudocapacitor.</p>

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Synthesis of β-LiFe5O8/α-Li2FeO3/α-Fe2O3 from spent lithium iron phosphate battery cathodes for pseudocapacitor applications

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月10日

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  • R. B. Querubino,
  • E. L. D. Coelho,
  • M. C. Chaves,
  • R. O. Alves,
  • A. A. L. Marins,
  • M. B. J. G. de Freitas

摘要

In this study, spent lithium iron phosphate (LFP) LIBs from electric vehicles were recycled through hydrometallurgical and pyrometallurgical routes. The spent cathode material was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, energy-dispersive spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry. LiFePO4, Fe2O3, and FePO4 were identified as the predominant phases, and Fe(OH)3 and Fe2(PO4)O as secondary phases. Alkaline leaching was found to be effective in recovering lithium and preserving structural components, such as LiFePO4. The residue was then used for the synthesis of a novel material. Structural and morphological characterization by XRD, Raman spectroscopy, and SEM revealed a disordered crystalline phase of β-LiFe5O8/α-Li2FeO3/α-Fe2O3 with agglomerated grains of irregular particle sizes. The recycled material exhibited pseudocapacitor behavior, with a specific capacitance of 3.0 F g− 1 and 82% capacitance retention over 250 charge/discharge cycles at a current density of 0.7 A g− 1 showed potential as a pseudocapacitor.