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<p>Aqueous sodium-ion batteries (ASIBs) hold great potential for large-scale stationary energy storage thanks to their high safety, cost-effectiveness, and environmental sustainability. Nevertheless, the limited electrochemical stability window (ESW) of water-based electrolytes, combined with the restricted performance of electrode materials, hinders their practical application. In this study, a synergistic strategy combining electrolyte modification and electrode optimization was proposed. Urea, an inexpensive and non-flammable additive, was introduced into the Na<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> aqueous electrolyte to reconstruct the hydrogen-bond network, enhancing the stability of water molecules and expanding the ESW. Simultaneously, a carbon composite was used to enhance the electronic conductivity of NaTi<sub>2</sub>(PO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>3</sub> (NTP), a promising anode material for ASIBs. The synergistic effect of the urea additive and carbon composite effectively improved the cycling performance and rate capability of the NTP anode. The modified half-cell exhibited notably improved initial specific capacity (111.1 mAh g<sup>−1</sup>) and capacity retention (54.8% after 100 cycles at 1 C), compared to the unmodified system (90.9 mAh g<sup>−1</sup> and 48.8%). Furthermore, a pouch-type full battery (Na<sub>0.44</sub>MnO<sub>2</sub> cathode||NTP/C anode) employing the 2 wt% urea-added electrolyte showed excellent cycling performance, demonstrating promising potential for practical applications. This dual-modification approach provides an effective and economical pathway toward high-performance ASIBs.</p>

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Enhancing the performance of NaTi2(PO4)3 anode in aqueous sodium-ion batteries through a urea additive-carbon composite synergistic strategy

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月17日

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  • Jiangnan Ke,
  • Wenfeng Wei,
  • Jiacheng Liu,
  • Jingzhe Wu,
  • Hongyu Zhu,
  • Qingmei Cai,
  • Xijie Lin

摘要

Aqueous sodium-ion batteries (ASIBs) hold great potential for large-scale stationary energy storage thanks to their high safety, cost-effectiveness, and environmental sustainability. Nevertheless, the limited electrochemical stability window (ESW) of water-based electrolytes, combined with the restricted performance of electrode materials, hinders their practical application. In this study, a synergistic strategy combining electrolyte modification and electrode optimization was proposed. Urea, an inexpensive and non-flammable additive, was introduced into the Na2SO4 aqueous electrolyte to reconstruct the hydrogen-bond network, enhancing the stability of water molecules and expanding the ESW. Simultaneously, a carbon composite was used to enhance the electronic conductivity of NaTi2(PO4)3 (NTP), a promising anode material for ASIBs. The synergistic effect of the urea additive and carbon composite effectively improved the cycling performance and rate capability of the NTP anode. The modified half-cell exhibited notably improved initial specific capacity (111.1 mAh g−1) and capacity retention (54.8% after 100 cycles at 1 C), compared to the unmodified system (90.9 mAh g−1 and 48.8%). Furthermore, a pouch-type full battery (Na0.44MnO2 cathode||NTP/C anode) employing the 2 wt% urea-added electrolyte showed excellent cycling performance, demonstrating promising potential for practical applications. This dual-modification approach provides an effective and economical pathway toward high-performance ASIBs.