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<p>Glyphosate (GLY) is an herbicide extensively used due to its high efficacy and limited toxicity to protect crops and other kinds of vegetables and fruits. However, due to the aggressive consumption, the concentration of GLY in different water and soil sources has increased, and this is leading to several environmental and health problems. Hence, it is indispensable to detect the presence of GLY in water matrices to mitigate the risk. Thus, the present research proposed the development of an electrochemical sensor for detecting GLY in surface waters by using silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) as a modifier. These nanoparticles were produced by a bio-inspired method, ensuring their green production and cost effectiveness. For the first time, bioinspired AgNPs were used for the electrochemical detection of GLY. Therefore, the modification of a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) was executed by the drop-casting technique, where the AgNPs were supported at the surface by using chitosan (Chit) as a matrix. The composition and structure of the modified electrode were evaluated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images, X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV–visible spectrophotometry (UV–vis), and scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM–EDS) techniques. Moreover, the analytical and electrochemical characteristics of the prepared sensor were evaluated by cyclic voltammetry (CV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) techniques. As a result, the fabricated sensor reported an excellent sensitivity (6.76&#xa0;mA/M) with a limit of detection (LOD) equal to 40.45&#xa0;nM, which is considerably lower compared with other reported sensors, for a linear range from 0.04 to 2.5&#xa0;µM. Also, the sensor reported good selectivity, stability, repeatability, and reproducibility. Under optimal conditions, the prepared sensor was used to evaluate the GLY concentration in a surface water.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Green silver–bioinspired nanoparticles used as an electrochemical sensor—an efficient and simple method for the determination of glyphosate in surface water samples

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月19日

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  • Juan Santiago Hidalgo,
  • Shoaib Mukhtar,
  • Imran Uddin,
  • Ottó Horváth,
  • Ildiko Galambos,
  • Maász Gábor,
  • Luis Hidalgo,
  • Javier E. Vilasó-Cadre,
  • Iván A. Reyes-Domínguez,
  • Jaya Lakkakula

摘要

Glyphosate (GLY) is an herbicide extensively used due to its high efficacy and limited toxicity to protect crops and other kinds of vegetables and fruits. However, due to the aggressive consumption, the concentration of GLY in different water and soil sources has increased, and this is leading to several environmental and health problems. Hence, it is indispensable to detect the presence of GLY in water matrices to mitigate the risk. Thus, the present research proposed the development of an electrochemical sensor for detecting GLY in surface waters by using silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) as a modifier. These nanoparticles were produced by a bio-inspired method, ensuring their green production and cost effectiveness. For the first time, bioinspired AgNPs were used for the electrochemical detection of GLY. Therefore, the modification of a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) was executed by the drop-casting technique, where the AgNPs were supported at the surface by using chitosan (Chit) as a matrix. The composition and structure of the modified electrode were evaluated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images, X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV–visible spectrophotometry (UV–vis), and scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM–EDS) techniques. Moreover, the analytical and electrochemical characteristics of the prepared sensor were evaluated by cyclic voltammetry (CV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) techniques. As a result, the fabricated sensor reported an excellent sensitivity (6.76 mA/M) with a limit of detection (LOD) equal to 40.45 nM, which is considerably lower compared with other reported sensors, for a linear range from 0.04 to 2.5 µM. Also, the sensor reported good selectivity, stability, repeatability, and reproducibility. Under optimal conditions, the prepared sensor was used to evaluate the GLY concentration in a surface water.

Graphical Abstract