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<p>The growing demand for efficient energy storage systems has intensified the search for advanced electrode materials for supercapacitors. A key challenge lies in developing materials that simultaneously offer high specific capacitance, fast charge–discharge capability, long-term stability, and cost-effectiveness. Cerium-based materials, with variable oxidation states, provide excellent redox activity and chemical stability, while nickel enhances electrical conductivity and charge transfer. Chalcogenides of cerium and nickel are attractive due to their favorable electrochemical properties, environmental friendliness, and affordability. In this study, CeSe<sub>1.9</sub>/CeSe/Ni<sub>3</sub>Se<sub>4</sub> (CENSE) composites were synthesized via the hydrothermal method using different Ce:Ni molar ratios, such as CENSE (1:1), CENSE (1:2), and CENSE (2:1) to evaluate their suitability as symmetric supercapacitor electrodes. X-ray diffraction confirmed phase formation. Morphological analysis using FESEM showed aggregated spherical particles in CENSE (1:1) and (2:1), while CENSE (1:2) exhibited irregular granules. XPS of CENSE (1:2) displayed characteristic binding energies for Se 3d, Ni 2p, and Ce 3d. HRTEM confirmed the irregular spherical structure, and BET analysis indicated mesoporosity with a surface area of 30.57 m<sup>2</sup>/g and pore size of 48.38&#xa0;nm. Electrochemical studies, including cyclic voltammetry (CV), galvanostatic charge–discharge (GCD), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), revealed that the CENSE (1:2) electrode delivered superior performance. The corresponding symmetric device achieved a specific capacitance of 28 F/g, specific energy&#xa0;of 9 Wh/kg, and specific power&#xa0;of 747 W/kg at 0.5 A/g, with 95% capacitance retention and 99% Coulombic efficiency over 5,000 cycles. These findings highlight the CENSE (1:2) composite as a promising electrode material for high-performance symmetric supercapacitors.</p>

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Exploring the electrochemical performance of CeSe1.9/CeSe/Ni3Se4 electrode material for symmetric supercapacitors

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月3日

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  • Akshaya Sisubalan,
  • Manik Clinton Franklin,
  • Lekshmi Sunil,
  • Hemalatha Kuzhandaivel,
  • Vijayakumar Elayappan,
  • Karthick Sivalingam Nallathambi

摘要

The growing demand for efficient energy storage systems has intensified the search for advanced electrode materials for supercapacitors. A key challenge lies in developing materials that simultaneously offer high specific capacitance, fast charge–discharge capability, long-term stability, and cost-effectiveness. Cerium-based materials, with variable oxidation states, provide excellent redox activity and chemical stability, while nickel enhances electrical conductivity and charge transfer. Chalcogenides of cerium and nickel are attractive due to their favorable electrochemical properties, environmental friendliness, and affordability. In this study, CeSe1.9/CeSe/Ni3Se4 (CENSE) composites were synthesized via the hydrothermal method using different Ce:Ni molar ratios, such as CENSE (1:1), CENSE (1:2), and CENSE (2:1) to evaluate their suitability as symmetric supercapacitor electrodes. X-ray diffraction confirmed phase formation. Morphological analysis using FESEM showed aggregated spherical particles in CENSE (1:1) and (2:1), while CENSE (1:2) exhibited irregular granules. XPS of CENSE (1:2) displayed characteristic binding energies for Se 3d, Ni 2p, and Ce 3d. HRTEM confirmed the irregular spherical structure, and BET analysis indicated mesoporosity with a surface area of 30.57 m2/g and pore size of 48.38 nm. Electrochemical studies, including cyclic voltammetry (CV), galvanostatic charge–discharge (GCD), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), revealed that the CENSE (1:2) electrode delivered superior performance. The corresponding symmetric device achieved a specific capacitance of 28 F/g, specific energy of 9 Wh/kg, and specific power of 747 W/kg at 0.5 A/g, with 95% capacitance retention and 99% Coulombic efficiency over 5,000 cycles. These findings highlight the CENSE (1:2) composite as a promising electrode material for high-performance symmetric supercapacitors.