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<p>Heavy metal ions (HMIs) are harmful to ecosystems and human health, with excess levels posing carcinogenic risks, making their quick and accurate detection crucial. Therefore, this study presents a cost-effective electrochemical sensor for detecting Pb<sup>2</sup>⁺ ions, using an activated carbon (AC) modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE). A modified electrode with GCE (AOAC/GCE) has been developed using AC, derived from the leaves of Asian Taro (<i>Alocasia odora</i>—AO) and activated by H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> (AOAC—<i>Alocasia odora</i> Activated Carbon). XRD, FTIR, SEM, and EDAX were used to characterize the AC, while CV, EIS, and DPASV assessed the electrochemical performance of the modified electrode. AOAC/GCE sensor showed 2.5 times better performance than the bare GCE in detecting Pb<sup>2</sup>⁺ ions, with a linear detection range of 50&#xa0;nM to 11&#xa0;µM and a low detection limit of 80&#xa0;pM. The sensitivity was calculated as 92.619 µA µM⁻<sup>1</sup>&#xa0;cm⁻<sup>2</sup>, based on the slope of the calibration curve and normalized to the geometric surface area of the bare GCE (0.071 cm<sup>2</sup>), highlighting the efficient electrochemical performance of the sensor. Interference studies proved the selectivity of AOAC/GCE with various interfering ions. The high selectivity for Pb<sup>2</sup>⁺ has been attributed to the surface area, unique pore structure, and heteroatom contents in AOAC. Ultimately, this work promises a low-cost AC-based solution for sensitive HMI detection, supporting sustainable and circular economy-based practices through the use of renewable materials.</p>

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Phytomass-derived activated carbon-modified electrode from Alocasia odora and its prospects as Pb2+ ion sensor: an electrochemical in sight

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年8月20日

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  • Sudharsana Chinnamayan,
  • Ananthappan Periyasamy,
  • Kalyani Palanichamy,
  • Vasantha Vairathevar Sivasamy

摘要

Heavy metal ions (HMIs) are harmful to ecosystems and human health, with excess levels posing carcinogenic risks, making their quick and accurate detection crucial. Therefore, this study presents a cost-effective electrochemical sensor for detecting Pb2⁺ ions, using an activated carbon (AC) modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE). A modified electrode with GCE (AOAC/GCE) has been developed using AC, derived from the leaves of Asian Taro (Alocasia odora—AO) and activated by H2SO4 (AOAC—Alocasia odora Activated Carbon). XRD, FTIR, SEM, and EDAX were used to characterize the AC, while CV, EIS, and DPASV assessed the electrochemical performance of the modified electrode. AOAC/GCE sensor showed 2.5 times better performance than the bare GCE in detecting Pb2⁺ ions, with a linear detection range of 50 nM to 11 µM and a low detection limit of 80 pM. The sensitivity was calculated as 92.619 µA µM⁻1 cm⁻2, based on the slope of the calibration curve and normalized to the geometric surface area of the bare GCE (0.071 cm2), highlighting the efficient electrochemical performance of the sensor. Interference studies proved the selectivity of AOAC/GCE with various interfering ions. The high selectivity for Pb2⁺ has been attributed to the surface area, unique pore structure, and heteroatom contents in AOAC. Ultimately, this work promises a low-cost AC-based solution for sensitive HMI detection, supporting sustainable and circular economy-based practices through the use of renewable materials.