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<p>Aluminium-ion batteries have been regarded as one of the most promising candidates for large-scale energy storage owing to their low cost, abundant reserve, and high theoretical capacity. However, the AlCl₃-based ionic liquid electrolyte has several limitations that severely hinder the commercialization of aluminium-ion batteries, including extreme humidity sensitivity, corrosivity, and expensive raw materials. Herein, this study develops a novel hydrate eutectic electrolyte for a stable aluminium metal anode, consisting of Al(ClO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>3</sub>·9H<sub>2</sub>O, ethylene glycol, and InCl<sub>3</sub>·4H<sub>2</sub>O. This electrolyte is characterized by its low cost, non-corrosive, and air stability properties. The optimal hydrate eutectic electrolyte enables the formation of a stable organic–inorganic interface through electrolyte decomposition and a displacement reaction between InCl<sub>3</sub> and metallic Al. The organic–inorganic interface improves corrosion resistance and enhances the stability of the aluminium anode/electrolyte. Compared to the aqueous electrolyte, symmetric cells with the AG-1:16/0.5 electrolyte, formulated from EG and Al(ClO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>3</sub>·9H<sub>2</sub>O in a molar ratio of 16:1 with an InCl<sub>3</sub> concentration of 0.5&#xa0;M, exhibit ultralong cycling (more than 1600&#xa0;h) with minimal overpotential (45.7&#xa0;mV at 1050&#xa0;h). This work provides valuable insights into the design of eutectic electrolytes for high-performance aluminium batteries.</p>

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Deep eutectic electrolyte improves the stability of aluminium metal anode

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年8月8日

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  • Xiaoqiang Guo,
  • Zheng Zhang,
  • Shuangjie Liu

摘要

Aluminium-ion batteries have been regarded as one of the most promising candidates for large-scale energy storage owing to their low cost, abundant reserve, and high theoretical capacity. However, the AlCl₃-based ionic liquid electrolyte has several limitations that severely hinder the commercialization of aluminium-ion batteries, including extreme humidity sensitivity, corrosivity, and expensive raw materials. Herein, this study develops a novel hydrate eutectic electrolyte for a stable aluminium metal anode, consisting of Al(ClO4)3·9H2O, ethylene glycol, and InCl3·4H2O. This electrolyte is characterized by its low cost, non-corrosive, and air stability properties. The optimal hydrate eutectic electrolyte enables the formation of a stable organic–inorganic interface through electrolyte decomposition and a displacement reaction between InCl3 and metallic Al. The organic–inorganic interface improves corrosion resistance and enhances the stability of the aluminium anode/electrolyte. Compared to the aqueous electrolyte, symmetric cells with the AG-1:16/0.5 electrolyte, formulated from EG and Al(ClO4)3·9H2O in a molar ratio of 16:1 with an InCl3 concentration of 0.5 M, exhibit ultralong cycling (more than 1600 h) with minimal overpotential (45.7 mV at 1050 h). This work provides valuable insights into the design of eutectic electrolytes for high-performance aluminium batteries.