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<p>Transition metal phosphides (TMPs) have emerged as next-generation anode candidates for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs), yet suffer from intrinsic conductivity limitations and structural instability. In this work, Zn-based precursors were hydrothermally grown on nickel foam substrates, followed by conformal polydopamine (PDA) coating. Subsequent phosphatization of the PDA-coated precursors at 350–500&#xa0;°C yielded nanosheet-structured electrodes. The effects of phosphating temperature and carbon modification on the electrochemical properties of composites were systematically explored. The results showed that the binder-free Zn<sub>3</sub>P<sub>2</sub>@C-500 electrode demonstrated a high reversible capacity of 162.39 mAh g<sup>−1</sup> at 2 A g<sup>−1</sup>, superior to the low-temperature sample, attributed to enhanced crystallinity and mesoporosity that provide abundant sodium-ion storage sites. Notably, the carbon layer effectively buffered the volume changes during cycling, maintaining 67.0% capacity retention after 200 cycles at 0.5 A g<sup>−1</sup>, compared to only 45% for the uncoated sample. This study highlights the importance of nanostructure engineering and surface carbon modification in achieving high electrochemical performance. This integrated approach provides a scalable paradigm for developing structurally robust SIB anodes.</p>

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Zn3P2@C nanosheets as self-supported anodes for high-performance sodium-ion batteries

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年8月8日

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  • Chao Wang,
  • Qing Zhang,
  • Yong Zhang,
  • Yurong Cai,
  • Haonan Cui,
  • Jun Wu

摘要

Transition metal phosphides (TMPs) have emerged as next-generation anode candidates for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs), yet suffer from intrinsic conductivity limitations and structural instability. In this work, Zn-based precursors were hydrothermally grown on nickel foam substrates, followed by conformal polydopamine (PDA) coating. Subsequent phosphatization of the PDA-coated precursors at 350–500 °C yielded nanosheet-structured electrodes. The effects of phosphating temperature and carbon modification on the electrochemical properties of composites were systematically explored. The results showed that the binder-free Zn3P2@C-500 electrode demonstrated a high reversible capacity of 162.39 mAh g−1 at 2 A g−1, superior to the low-temperature sample, attributed to enhanced crystallinity and mesoporosity that provide abundant sodium-ion storage sites. Notably, the carbon layer effectively buffered the volume changes during cycling, maintaining 67.0% capacity retention after 200 cycles at 0.5 A g−1, compared to only 45% for the uncoated sample. This study highlights the importance of nanostructure engineering and surface carbon modification in achieving high electrochemical performance. This integrated approach provides a scalable paradigm for developing structurally robust SIB anodes.