Synergistic Design of Al2O3@g-C3N4 hybrid nanocomposite photocatalyst from Tinospora cordifolia Plant extract: A Sustainable Solution for Emerging Organic Pollutants
摘要
This study reports the green synthesis of an Al₂O₃@g-C₃N₄ nanocomposite using Tinospora cordifolia (TC) plant extract via a pyrolysis method. Comprehensive characterization of the Al₂O₃@g-C₃N₄ nanocomposite was carried out using X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FT-IR), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM) with EDX, Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Raman spectroscopy, UV–Vis DRS, photoluminescence (PL) and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS). XRD and TEM analyses confirmed the formation of face-cantered lattice nanoparticles uniformly anchored onto the g-C₃N₄ sheets. Textural analysis results indicated a mesoporous structure with a large surface area and high pore volume. UV–Vis DRS and PL studies revealed a notable reduction in band gap energy and suppressed electron–hole recombination, indicating enhanced photocatalytic potential. XPS analysis verified the oxidation states of the constituent elements. The photocatalytic activity of the nanocomposite was evaluated against organic dyes such as Crystal Violet (CV) and Alizarin Yellow R (AYR) under visible light irradiation. The optimized nanocomposite achieved high degradation efficiencies of 94.69% for CV and 98.6% for AYR. Photocatalytic performance remained robust with 84.59% efficiency after three reuse cycles. Furthermore, the effects of dye concentration, pH, catalyst dosage, and electrolyte presence were systematically investigated. The findings highlight the potential of Al₂O₃@g-C₃N₄ as a sustainable and efficient nanomaterial for wastewater treatment applications.