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<p>Titanium dioxide (TiO<sub>2</sub>) has become the preferred photoanode material for dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) due to its excellent chemical stability, environmental performance, and the optimal bandgap energy of 3.2 electron volts. However, traditional TiO<sub>2</sub> is limited by its low specific surface area and small number of pores, resulting in insufficient dye adsorption and high charge complexation rate, thereby limiting the performance of DSSCs. In this study, a composite template agent system was designed by utilizing the interaction of different functional groups in P123 and SDS molecules. The system successfully constructed TiO<sub>2</sub> with a two-pore distribution structure (P123@SDS-Z). The experimental results show that the specific surface area of P123@SDS-2 material reaches 230.821 m<sup>2</sup>/g. The dual-pore size distribution structure of the material is not only conducive to electron transfer and improves the mass transfer efficiency, but also the optimal adsorption capacity of the dye is 172&#xa0;nmol·cm<sup>−2</sup>, reducing the interfacial transfer resistance. The short-circuit current density of DSSCs based on this material is 18.37&#xa0;mA·cm<sup>−2</sup>, and the photovoltaic conversion efficiency is 8.47%, which is superior to the traditional P25-based devices. This study proposes a new strategy for optimizing the structure of titanium dioxide-based photoanodes.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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Preparation of TiO2 with double-pore size distribution and its application in DSSCs photoanodes

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年6月9日

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  • Ti Liang,
  • Rui Tian,
  • Jingzhe Li,
  • Jinzhong Wang,
  • Yanan Li,
  • Guangzai Nong

摘要

Titanium dioxide (TiO2) has become the preferred photoanode material for dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) due to its excellent chemical stability, environmental performance, and the optimal bandgap energy of 3.2 electron volts. However, traditional TiO2 is limited by its low specific surface area and small number of pores, resulting in insufficient dye adsorption and high charge complexation rate, thereby limiting the performance of DSSCs. In this study, a composite template agent system was designed by utilizing the interaction of different functional groups in P123 and SDS molecules. The system successfully constructed TiO2 with a two-pore distribution structure (P123@SDS-Z). The experimental results show that the specific surface area of P123@SDS-2 material reaches 230.821 m2/g. The dual-pore size distribution structure of the material is not only conducive to electron transfer and improves the mass transfer efficiency, but also the optimal adsorption capacity of the dye is 172 nmol·cm−2, reducing the interfacial transfer resistance. The short-circuit current density of DSSCs based on this material is 18.37 mA·cm−2, and the photovoltaic conversion efficiency is 8.47%, which is superior to the traditional P25-based devices. This study proposes a new strategy for optimizing the structure of titanium dioxide-based photoanodes.

Graphical abstract