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<p>Norepinephrine (NE) is a neurotransmitter that also acts as a hormone, affecting various bodily functions and stimulating the central nervous system. Monitoring the concentration levels of NE at every stage of production in the body, as well as during therapeutic treatment, is crucial, as any disorder in its levels can lead to serious health problems. In this work, a voltammetric sensor for norepinephrine determination is prepared. The voltammetric sensor was developed by utilizing a carbon paste electrode (CPE) modified with bimetallic yttrium-nickel-based metal–organic frameworks (Y-Ni-MOF) and ionic liquid (Y-Ni-MOF/IL/CPE). The Y-Ni-MOF were identified by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and mapping analysis. The Y-Ni-MOF/IL/CPE sensor was used for determination of NE via differential pulse voltammetry method (DPV). Under optimized experimental conditions, the anodic current response of the proposed electrode exhibited a linear correlation with the concentration of NE within the range of 0.05 to 700.0&#xa0;μM, demonstrating a sensitivity of 0.0947 μA μM<sup>−1</sup>. The limit of detection (LOD) of Y-Ni-MOF/IL/CPE sensor to determine NE was&#xa0;0.025&#xa0;μM. The methodology was employed to quantify NE in specimens of norepinephrine ampoule and urine. The findings suggest that this methodology demonstrates promise for the analysis of NE in complex matrices, exhibiting excellent reproducibility.</p>

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High performance of carbon paste electrode modified with ionic liquid and bimetallic Y–Ni-MOF for voltammetric determination of norepinephrine

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年6月6日

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  • Shamsi Esmaeelzadeh,
  • Somayeh Tajik,
  • Hadi Beitollahi,
  • Niloufar Akbarzadeh-T

摘要

Norepinephrine (NE) is a neurotransmitter that also acts as a hormone, affecting various bodily functions and stimulating the central nervous system. Monitoring the concentration levels of NE at every stage of production in the body, as well as during therapeutic treatment, is crucial, as any disorder in its levels can lead to serious health problems. In this work, a voltammetric sensor for norepinephrine determination is prepared. The voltammetric sensor was developed by utilizing a carbon paste electrode (CPE) modified with bimetallic yttrium-nickel-based metal–organic frameworks (Y-Ni-MOF) and ionic liquid (Y-Ni-MOF/IL/CPE). The Y-Ni-MOF were identified by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and mapping analysis. The Y-Ni-MOF/IL/CPE sensor was used for determination of NE via differential pulse voltammetry method (DPV). Under optimized experimental conditions, the anodic current response of the proposed electrode exhibited a linear correlation with the concentration of NE within the range of 0.05 to 700.0 μM, demonstrating a sensitivity of 0.0947 μA μM−1. The limit of detection (LOD) of Y-Ni-MOF/IL/CPE sensor to determine NE was 0.025 μM. The methodology was employed to quantify NE in specimens of norepinephrine ampoule and urine. The findings suggest that this methodology demonstrates promise for the analysis of NE in complex matrices, exhibiting excellent reproducibility.