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<p>Heterojunction nanocomposite based strategies provide proven technology in photo catalysis and inactivating bacteria. This article presents a Green mediated combustion process to generate CuO, Cu<sub>2</sub>O, and metallic Cu (3C) along with doping them with Zirconia. The crystallinity, purity and phase formation of the prepared compounds and the effect of doping were characterized using diffraction peaks of the Powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) reveals visible agglomeration in the morphology in case of all the compounds and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) analysis revealed the doping of Zirconia to be in the form of Zr<sup>2+</sup> and Zr<sup>4+</sup> ions. The band gap energy of the nanoparticles 3C (2.0&#xa0;eV) and Zr-3C (1.8&#xa0;eV) decreases, as seen by the UV–visible absorption spectroscopy, demonstrating the dopant Zr increases the degradation&#xa0;process by trapping electrons and holes, which prevents the recombination of e–h + pairs. This illustrates Zr-3C efficiency over 3C as a photocatalyst when exposed to UV- light. The photocatalytic performance of Zr-3C on Rhodamine B (RhB) dye&#xa0;was confirmed by the obtained results. Under 105&#xa0;min of UV-light exposure, the degradation was determined to be 96.5% and 82.5% for Zr-3C and 3C nanoparticles respectively. Under the dark condition the degradation was ~ 10%. Additionally, the degradation rates obtained for the host 3C and Zr-3C are (K = 0.0216&#xa0;min<sup>−1</sup>)&#xa0;and K = 0.03367&#xa0;min<sup>−1</sup> respectively. The scavenger study revealed that without adding scavengers 96.2% degradation observed. But degradation was only 60% and 20% after the addition of ammonium oxalate and isopropanol, which proves that holes and hydroxyl radicals were primarily the active species responsible. In addition, the supercapacitor nature of the Zr-3C nanocomposite is confirmed by its significant specific capacitance (87.4 F/g) in cyclic voltamogram analysis and charge discharge experiments with a durability of 1600 cycles. Furthermore, the exceptional antibacterial properties of 3C and Zr-3C nanoparticles were examined against <i>S. aureus</i> and <i>E. coli.</i> Zr-3C samples exhibit increased activity of 18&#xa0;mm and 17&#xa0;mm diameter zone of inhibition with increase in concentration against strains of <i>Escherichia coli</i> and <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> bacteria respectively when compared to host 3C nanoparticle.</p>

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fFabrication of Zirconia-doped Cu2O/CuO/Cu hetero-nanocomposite: Enhanced electrochemical sensor, antibacterial and photocatalytic activity

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年4月2日

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  • B. Uma,
  • K. S. Anantharaju,
  • B. S. Surendra,
  • Arpita Paul Chowdhury,
  • Syed Khasim,
  • K. Keshavamurthy,
  • S. Malini,
  • K. N. Harish

摘要

Heterojunction nanocomposite based strategies provide proven technology in photo catalysis and inactivating bacteria. This article presents a Green mediated combustion process to generate CuO, Cu2O, and metallic Cu (3C) along with doping them with Zirconia. The crystallinity, purity and phase formation of the prepared compounds and the effect of doping were characterized using diffraction peaks of the Powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) reveals visible agglomeration in the morphology in case of all the compounds and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) analysis revealed the doping of Zirconia to be in the form of Zr2+ and Zr4+ ions. The band gap energy of the nanoparticles 3C (2.0 eV) and Zr-3C (1.8 eV) decreases, as seen by the UV–visible absorption spectroscopy, demonstrating the dopant Zr increases the degradation process by trapping electrons and holes, which prevents the recombination of e–h + pairs. This illustrates Zr-3C efficiency over 3C as a photocatalyst when exposed to UV- light. The photocatalytic performance of Zr-3C on Rhodamine B (RhB) dye was confirmed by the obtained results. Under 105 min of UV-light exposure, the degradation was determined to be 96.5% and 82.5% for Zr-3C and 3C nanoparticles respectively. Under the dark condition the degradation was ~ 10%. Additionally, the degradation rates obtained for the host 3C and Zr-3C are (K = 0.0216 min−1) and K = 0.03367 min−1 respectively. The scavenger study revealed that without adding scavengers 96.2% degradation observed. But degradation was only 60% and 20% after the addition of ammonium oxalate and isopropanol, which proves that holes and hydroxyl radicals were primarily the active species responsible. In addition, the supercapacitor nature of the Zr-3C nanocomposite is confirmed by its significant specific capacitance (87.4 F/g) in cyclic voltamogram analysis and charge discharge experiments with a durability of 1600 cycles. Furthermore, the exceptional antibacterial properties of 3C and Zr-3C nanoparticles were examined against S. aureus and E. coli. Zr-3C samples exhibit increased activity of 18 mm and 17 mm diameter zone of inhibition with increase in concentration against strains of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus bacteria respectively when compared to host 3C nanoparticle.