<p>The escalating levels of nitrate (NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup>) from industrial and agricultural activities have caused significant water pollution and eutrophication, threatening ecosystems and human health. Copper-based catalysts are preferred for converting NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup> to ammonia (NH<sub>3</sub>) because of their cost-effectiveness and high NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup> reduction activity. However, the NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup> reduction reaction faces the challenge of competing with the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and is prone to by-products such as nitrites (NO<sub>2</sub><sup>−</sup>), resulting in low NH<sub>3</sub> yield and poor selectivity. To further convert NO<sub>2</sub><sup>−</sup> to NH<sub>3</sub> with high Faradaic efficiency (FE), high yield, and high selectivity, we present Zn-doped Cu<sub>2</sub>O (Zn/Cu<sub>2</sub>O), offering an environmentally friendly substitute for the Haber–Bosch process. The Zn/Cu<sub>2</sub>O catalyst, synthesized through electrodeposition and high-temperature calcination, achieves a high FE of NH<sub>3</sub> (90.74%) at -1.2&#xa0;V vs. RHE. The by-product NO<sub>2</sub><sup>−</sup> production is inhibited with a very low FE of 5.40%. The further incorporation of Au and Pd on the catalyst surface significantly boosts NH<sub>3</sub> yield (1.12&#xa0;mmol&#xa0;h<sup>−1</sup>&#xa0;cm<sup>−2</sup>), demonstrating the potential for efficient and sustainable electrocatalytic NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup> reduction.</p>

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Multimetallic catalysts with rich oxygen vacancies for efficient reduction of nitrate to ammonia

  • Meiqin Xu,
  • Hui Liu

摘要

The escalating levels of nitrate (NO3) from industrial and agricultural activities have caused significant water pollution and eutrophication, threatening ecosystems and human health. Copper-based catalysts are preferred for converting NO3 to ammonia (NH3) because of their cost-effectiveness and high NO3 reduction activity. However, the NO3 reduction reaction faces the challenge of competing with the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and is prone to by-products such as nitrites (NO2), resulting in low NH3 yield and poor selectivity. To further convert NO2 to NH3 with high Faradaic efficiency (FE), high yield, and high selectivity, we present Zn-doped Cu2O (Zn/Cu2O), offering an environmentally friendly substitute for the Haber–Bosch process. The Zn/Cu2O catalyst, synthesized through electrodeposition and high-temperature calcination, achieves a high FE of NH3 (90.74%) at -1.2 V vs. RHE. The by-product NO2 production is inhibited with a very low FE of 5.40%. The further incorporation of Au and Pd on the catalyst surface significantly boosts NH3 yield (1.12 mmol h−1 cm−2), demonstrating the potential for efficient and sustainable electrocatalytic NO3 reduction.