Advancements in cathode materials for lithium-ion batteries: an overview of future prospects

The lithium-ion battery (LIB), a key technological development for greenhouse gas mitigation and fossil fuel displacement, enables renewable energy in the future. LIBs possess superior energy density, high discharge power and a long service lifetime. These features have also made it possible to create portable electronic technology and ubiquitous use of information technology devices by society. In the wave of electric vehicles and large-scale energy storage systems, LIBs offer a feasible option for resource conservation and environmental protection. However, the challenge comes to satisfy the energy demand in practicality. Progress has been achieved in material chemistry by focusing on cathode materials. One of the key parameters that influence LIB performance is the composition of cathode materials, which determines battery voltage, capacity, and overall efficiency. This review covers the electrochemical performance and structures of these materials, along with recommendations for future enhancements to improve the performance of LIBs.