Here, we examine the efficacy of Al-doped Y-type hexaferrite-reinforced polyaniline composites as cutting-edge materials for optimizing electromagnetic shielding. “Ba2Co2Al0.3Fe11.7O22” aluminium (Al) doped Y-type hexaferrite was synthesized via a low-cost sol–gel auto-combustion route and sintered at 1000 °C. A facile chemical method was utilized to prepare conducting polyaniline (PANI). Then, three composites with various compositions were synthesized via an in situ polymerization process, which was represented as FP-1 (95% Y-ferrite + 5% PANI), FP-2 (90% Y-ferrite + 10% PANI), and FP-3 (85% Y-ferrite + 15% PANI). X-ray diffraction (XRD) affirmed the formation of mono-phase hexagonal structured Y-type barium hexaferrite with higher degree crystallinity, and the measured approximated crystallite size of Y-ferrite/PANI nano-composites ranging from 53.59 to 30.62 nm. It was noted that with the inclusion of PANI, the lattice constant “c” first enhances and then diminishes, and an enhancement in the unit cell volume, porosity, dislocation density, and micro-strain. The investigation of Raman spectra affirmed the development of pure Y-ferrite and Y-ferrite/PANI nanocomposites. The pure Y-ferrite compound divulged sharp and intense peaks. However, the intensity of these vibration peaks diminished as the PANI content increased. Morphological analysis (FESEM) of Y-type hexagonal ferrite exhibited the development of coral-like grains with hexagonal forms, suitable for microwave absorption applications. The DC electrical resistivity at ambient temperature was measured as 2.67 × 109 Ω-cm for the Y-hexaferrite, and the resistivity of Y-ferrite/PANI nanocomposites reduced as PANI content heightened owing to the higher electrical conductivity of PANI as compared to the ferrites. The dielectric features of all the as-synthesized samples obeyed the Maxwell–Wagner model. Dielectric parameters, including dielectric constant/coefficient (<InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">${\varepsilon }{\prime}$</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>ε</mi> <mo>′</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>), dielectric loss (<InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">${\varepsilon }{\prime}{\prime}$</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>ε</mi> <mo>′</mo> <mo>′</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>), tangent loss (Tanδ), and AC electrical conductivity (σac), depicted a positive correlation or direct proportionality with PANI content. Y-ferrite/PANI nano-composites exhibit versatile functionalities, which are promising for applications including energy storage, electronics, magnetic sensors, data storage, and electromagnetic shielding of microwaves.

Investigating Al-doped Y-type hexaferrite/polyaniline composites: synthesis, structural, and dielectric properties

期刊论文
发表日期：

2025年1月9日

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Muhammad Usman,
Muhammad Waqas,
Farooq Ahmad,
Muhammad Danish,
Anwar Manzoor Rana,
Imran Sadiq,
Raishum Qaiser,
Shahid Atiq,
Ahmed Althobaiti

摘要

Here, we examine the efficacy of Al-doped Y-type hexaferrite-reinforced polyaniline composites as cutting-edge materials for optimizing electromagnetic shielding. “Ba₂Co₂Al_0.3Fe_11.7O₂₂” aluminium (Al) doped Y-type hexaferrite was synthesized via a low-cost sol–gel auto-combustion route and sintered at 1000 °C. A facile chemical method was utilized to prepare conducting polyaniline (PANI). Then, three composites with various compositions were synthesized via an in situ polymerization process, which was represented as FP-1 (95% Y-ferrite + 5% PANI), FP-2 (90% Y-ferrite + 10% PANI), and FP-3 (85% Y-ferrite + 15% PANI). X-ray diffraction (XRD) affirmed the formation of mono-phase hexagonal structured Y-type barium hexaferrite with higher degree crystallinity, and the measured approximated crystallite size of Y-ferrite/PANI nano-composites ranging from 53.59 to 30.62 nm. It was noted that with the inclusion of PANI, the lattice constant “c” first enhances and then diminishes, and an enhancement in the unit cell volume, porosity, dislocation density, and micro-strain. The investigation of Raman spectra affirmed the development of pure Y-ferrite and Y-ferrite/PANI nanocomposites. The pure Y-ferrite compound divulged sharp and intense peaks. However, the intensity of these vibration peaks diminished as the PANI content increased. Morphological analysis (FESEM) of Y-type hexagonal ferrite exhibited the development of coral-like grains with hexagonal forms, suitable for microwave absorption applications. The DC electrical resistivity at ambient temperature was measured as 2.67 × 10⁹ Ω-cm for the Y-hexaferrite, and the resistivity of Y-ferrite/PANI nanocomposites reduced as PANI content heightened owing to the higher electrical conductivity of PANI as compared to the ferrites. The dielectric features of all the as-synthesized samples obeyed the Maxwell–Wagner model. Dielectric parameters, including dielectric constant/coefficient ( ${\varepsilon }{\prime}$ $ε'$ ), dielectric loss ( ${\varepsilon }{\prime}{\prime}$ $ε''$ ), tangent loss (Tanδ), and AC electrical conductivity (σ_ac), depicted a positive correlation or direct proportionality with PANI content. Y-ferrite/PANI nano-composites exhibit versatile functionalities, which are promising for applications including energy storage, electronics, magnetic sensors, data storage, and electromagnetic shielding of microwaves.