Bio-Fabrication of Silver Nanoparticles Using Jatropha podagrica leaf extract: Photodegradation of dyes and antibacterial properties

This study presents an eco-friendly approach to synthesizing silver nanoparticles, utilizing the water-soluble leaf extract of Jatropha podagrica (Budda belli plant) (J-Ag NPs). The characterization of J-Ag NPs involved a comprehensive analysis using spectroscopic and microscopic techniques. The presence of silver nanoparticles was conclusively confirmed through UV–Vis spectroscopy. The XRD pattern provided evidence for forming J-Ag NPs, with a crystallite size of 12.5 nm. TEM images showcased the rod-like structure of J-Ag NPs, with an average size of 10.5 nm. The synthesized J-Ag NPs demonstrated degradation of Methylene blue and fluorescein sodium dyes under sunlight. Remarkably, the NPs degraded 96–98% of the dyes within 60 to 80 min. The synthesized J-Ag NPs were efficient antimicrobial agents against gram-positive (Bacillus coagulans) and gram-negative (Escherichia coli) bacterial strains. Using the well diffusion method, with 150 µg mL⁻¹ of J-Ag NPs, inhibition zones measuring 15 and 14 mm were formed. This research shows that J-Ag NPs are effective at removing dyes from water and have strong antimicrobial properties.