Construction of three-dimensional Sb₂S₃@MoS₂/C heterostructure nanorod for high-rate supercapacitors

Heterostructure composites have gained prominence for potential energy storage applications. Here, we synthesized a nanorod-like core–shell heterostructure supercapacitor electrode material, denoted as Sb₂S₃@MoS₂/C, using a facile hydrothermal method. Impressively, this Sb₂S₃/MoS₂/C heterostructure demonstrated superior electrochemical performance compared to pure Sb₂S₃ nanorods, exhibiting a high capacitance of 226 F g⁻¹ at 1 A g⁻¹. Remarkably, this capacity stability remained at 83.5% even after 10,000 cycles at current densities up to 10 A g⁻¹. This enhanced performance arises from the core–shell structure, allowing increased active sites. The outer shell effectively prevents the bulk deformation of Sb₂S₃, while the inner core hinders the collapse of lamellar MoS₂ during charge–discharge process. As a result, this core–shell configuration enables a more rapid ion transport and maintains a stable structure, thereby contributing to the enhanced electrochemical performance.