<p>This paper explores the connections between relational moral standards and the criminal law. I begin by sketching the relational approach to the moral domain that I have defended and developed in <i>The Moral Nexus</i>. This approach goes together with a conception of moral accountability that differs in important respects from the system of public accountability enshrined in criminal law. Despite these differences, I argue that the law can be understood to attach sanctions to the violation of relational moral requirements. Two features of criminal law are appealed to in order to explain its distinctive features: the fiduciary relationship in which the state stands to the private individuals whose moral claims it enforces; and the duties it owes to all individuals in its jurisdiction to protect their basic moral claims.</p>