<p>We study the position of the <i>p</i>-power Frobenius endomorphism <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\pi _E\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msub> <mi>π</mi> <mi>E</mi> </msub> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> of a supersingular elliptic curve <InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(E/\mathbb {F}_{p^2}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>E</mi> <mo stretchy="false">/</mo> <msub> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">F</mi> <msup> <mi>p</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msup> </msub> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> inside its quaternionic endomorphism algebra <InlineEquation ID="IEq3"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\({{\,\textrm{End}\,}}^0(E)\simeq B_{p,\infty }\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msup> <mrow> <mrow> <mspace width="0.166667em" /> <mtext>End</mtext> <mspace width="0.166667em" /> </mrow> </mrow> <mn>0</mn> </msup> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>E</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo>≃</mo> <msub> <mi>B</mi> <mrow> <mi>p</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>∞</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>. Using the Weil polynomial <InlineEquation ID="IEq4"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(T^2 - tT + p^2\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msup> <mi>T</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msup> <mo>-</mo> <mi>t</mi> <mi>T</mi> <mo>+</mo> <msup> <mi>p</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msup> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> and Deuring’s description of <InlineEquation ID="IEq5"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\({{\,\textrm{End}\,}}^0(E)\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msup> <mrow> <mrow> <mspace width="0.166667em" /> <mtext>End</mtext> <mspace width="0.166667em" /> </mrow> </mrow> <mn>0</mn> </msup> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>E</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, we show that the Frobenius order <InlineEquation ID="IEq6"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(R_E = \mathbb {Z}[\pi _E]\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msub> <mi>R</mi> <mi>E</mi> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">Z</mi> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">[</mo> <msub> <mi>π</mi> <mi>E</mi> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">]</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> is an imaginary quadratic order of discriminant <InlineEquation ID="IEq7"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(t^2 - 4p^2\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msup> <mi>t</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msup> <mo>-</mo> <mn>4</mn> <msup> <mi>p</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msup> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> whenever <InlineEquation ID="IEq8"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(t^2\ne 4p^2\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msup> <mi>t</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msup> <mo>≠</mo> <mn>4</mn> <msup> <mi>p</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msup> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, and we characterise its embedding into a maximal order. In particular, outside the degenerate cases <InlineEquation ID="IEq9"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(t=\pm 2p\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>t</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mo>±</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mi>p</mi> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, the minimal polynomial of <InlineEquation ID="IEq10"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\pi _E\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msub> <mi>π</mi> <mi>E</mi> </msub> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> in <InlineEquation ID="IEq11"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\({{\,\textrm{End}\,}}^0(E)\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msup> <mrow> <mrow> <mspace width="0.166667em" /> <mtext>End</mtext> <mspace width="0.166667em" /> </mrow> </mrow> <mn>0</mn> </msup> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>E</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> coincides with the Weil polynomial and no non-trivial linear relation holds in <InlineEquation ID="IEq12"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(B_{p,\infty }\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msub> <mi>B</mi> <mrow> <mi>p</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>∞</mi> </mrow> </msub> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>. We briefly discuss how this description of <InlineEquation ID="IEq13"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(R_E\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msub> <mi>R</mi> <mi>E</mi> </msub> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> interacts with the structure of supersingular <InlineEquation ID="IEq14"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\ell \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi>ℓ</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>-isogeny graphs and with arithmetic questions arising in isogeny-based constructions.</p>

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Frobenius endomorphisms and minimal polynomials in supersingular isogeny rings

  • Mohammed El Baraka,
  • Siham Ezzouak

摘要

We study the position of the p-power Frobenius endomorphism \(\pi _E\) π E of a supersingular elliptic curve \(E/\mathbb {F}_{p^2}\) E / F p 2 inside its quaternionic endomorphism algebra \({{\,\textrm{End}\,}}^0(E)\simeq B_{p,\infty }\) End 0 ( E ) B p , . Using the Weil polynomial \(T^2 - tT + p^2\) T 2 - t T + p 2 and Deuring’s description of \({{\,\textrm{End}\,}}^0(E)\) End 0 ( E ) , we show that the Frobenius order \(R_E = \mathbb {Z}[\pi _E]\) R E = Z [ π E ] is an imaginary quadratic order of discriminant \(t^2 - 4p^2\) t 2 - 4 p 2 whenever \(t^2\ne 4p^2\) t 2 4 p 2 , and we characterise its embedding into a maximal order. In particular, outside the degenerate cases \(t=\pm 2p\) t = ± 2 p , the minimal polynomial of \(\pi _E\) π E in \({{\,\textrm{End}\,}}^0(E)\) End 0 ( E ) coincides with the Weil polynomial and no non-trivial linear relation holds in \(B_{p,\infty }\) B p , . We briefly discuss how this description of \(R_E\) R E interacts with the structure of supersingular \(\ell \) -isogeny graphs and with arithmetic questions arising in isogeny-based constructions.