‘Compensating’ to God: piety, labour, and Muslim women workers in Wayanad plantations
摘要
This paper attempts to explore the interplay of religion, labour, and agency that shape the everyday lives of women workers on the tea plantations of Wayanad, Kerala. Through first-hand ethnographic inquiry, this research analyses how religious faith and practices negotiate with the capitalist working structure and the trade union activities. The core argument contends that the Capital can reorient and reshape religious practices and hence alter people’s perception of their pious subjectivity. This transformation is not unidirectional but dialogical, owing to the ability of religious faith and practice to alter the capitalist production mechanism. The paper foregrounds the process in which pious subjectivity is acquired, namely, compensation, where women workers assert their agency to prioritise and negotiate with ritual acts within the plantation setup. Furthermore, the study highlights the impact of religious rituals in creating class consciousness, specifically within the context of women’s participation in trade unions. The correlation between religion and secular institutions, mostly considered as detached and contesting categories, and its role in shaping the fabric of everyday life is closely explored in this research.