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<p>Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a&#xa0;frequent complication in hospitalized patients, affecting up to 15% during the hospital stay and is an important risk factor for the development of chronic kidney disease (CKD). The Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) guidelines from 2012, which are used to define AKI, suggest that women may be at greater risk for the development of AKI; however, more recent clinical studies and meta-analyses have found that men are more commonly affected in certain contexts. This article discusses the clinical settings in which biological sex affects the risk of occurrence of AKI, summarizes the current state of research and outlines possible biological mechanisms that could explain these sex-related differences. In addition, an overview of the currently limited but growing evidence on AKI in transgender individuals is presented.</p>

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Geschlechts- und Genderunterschiede in der Nephrologie

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月18日

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  • Julius Sinning,
  • Kai Martin Schmidt-Ott,
  • Christian Hinze

摘要

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a frequent complication in hospitalized patients, affecting up to 15% during the hospital stay and is an important risk factor for the development of chronic kidney disease (CKD). The Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) guidelines from 2012, which are used to define AKI, suggest that women may be at greater risk for the development of AKI; however, more recent clinical studies and meta-analyses have found that men are more commonly affected in certain contexts. This article discusses the clinical settings in which biological sex affects the risk of occurrence of AKI, summarizes the current state of research and outlines possible biological mechanisms that could explain these sex-related differences. In addition, an overview of the currently limited but growing evidence on AKI in transgender individuals is presented.