Spektrum renaler Nebenwirkungen neuer onkologischer Therapien

The treatment of malignant neoplasms has significantly changed in recent years and decades and the classical chemotherapeutic drugs have been replaced or supplemented by new substances. They include substances that specifically target individual molecules. This includes, among other things, immunotherapy. New drugs in this group are based, among other things, on antibodies and T cells. Checkpoint inhibitors (CPI), bispecific antibodies, chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T‑cell therapies and allogeneic Epstein-Barr-specific T‑cell immunotherapy are examples of such immunotherapies, all of which are associated with a wide range of side effects and can also cause renal side effects. The CPIs show specific renal side effects that are immune-mediated and often present histologically as acute tubulointerstitial nephritis. Acute kidney failure with bispecific antibodies and T cell therapies often occurs as part of a chemokine release syndrome or rarely as part of a tumor lysis syndrome.