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<p><i>Monodictys</i> is a genus of hyphomycetes that produces muriform conidia. Species of <i>Monodictys</i> reported from various substrates are heterogeneous and polyphyletic. Several monodictys-like genera have recently been proposed, based primarily on phylogenetics. These include <i>Conlarium</i>, <i>Paramonodictys</i>, <i>Pleomonodictys</i>, <i>Pseudoconlarium</i>, and <i>Pseudomonodictys</i>—species of which are phylogenetically scattered among various fungal lineages. In this paper, we propose <i>Conlarioidea</i> gen. nov., a dematiaceous hyphomycete resembling <i>Monodictys</i> and <i>Conlarium</i>. This new genus produces clumps of muriform propagules from delicate, fragile hyphae on the surface of decaying culms of <i>Miscanthus floridulus</i> (<i>Poaceae</i>). Here, we distinguish three cryptic species of <i>Conlarioidea</i> collected from three different locations in Taiwan, based on phylogeny inferred from a concatenated dataset of four gene segments: the nuc ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 rDNA (ITS barcode), partial nuc 28S rDNA (LSU), partial RNA polymerase II subunit gene (<i>RPB2</i>), and partial translation elongation factor 1-α gene (<i>TEF1</i>). Despite their morphological similarities with <i>Monodictys</i> and <i>Conlarium</i> species, the three <i>Conlarioidea</i> species formed a clade in the <i>Pseudoproboscisporaceae</i> within the <i>Annulatascales</i> (<i>Sordariomycetes</i>) and are phylogenetically unrelated to species of these two similar muriform conidia–producing genera. During this study, we also examined two <i>Conlarium</i> species—<i>C. aquaticum</i> and <i>C. indicum</i>—which are newly recorded for Taiwan. Conidiogenesis in <i>Conlarium</i> and <i>Conlarioidea</i> was studied in cultures, supplemented with observations under a scanning electron microscope.</p>

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Conlarioidea gen. nov.: a new monodictys-like genus with three cryptic species from Taiwan, revealed by phylogenetics and morphology

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月1日

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  • Chang-Hsin Kuo,
  • Sung-Yuan Hsieh,
  • Teik-Khiang Goh

摘要

Monodictys is a genus of hyphomycetes that produces muriform conidia. Species of Monodictys reported from various substrates are heterogeneous and polyphyletic. Several monodictys-like genera have recently been proposed, based primarily on phylogenetics. These include Conlarium, Paramonodictys, Pleomonodictys, Pseudoconlarium, and Pseudomonodictys—species of which are phylogenetically scattered among various fungal lineages. In this paper, we propose Conlarioidea gen. nov., a dematiaceous hyphomycete resembling Monodictys and Conlarium. This new genus produces clumps of muriform propagules from delicate, fragile hyphae on the surface of decaying culms of Miscanthus floridulus (Poaceae). Here, we distinguish three cryptic species of Conlarioidea collected from three different locations in Taiwan, based on phylogeny inferred from a concatenated dataset of four gene segments: the nuc ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 rDNA (ITS barcode), partial nuc 28S rDNA (LSU), partial RNA polymerase II subunit gene (RPB2), and partial translation elongation factor 1-α gene (TEF1). Despite their morphological similarities with Monodictys and Conlarium species, the three Conlarioidea species formed a clade in the Pseudoproboscisporaceae within the Annulatascales (Sordariomycetes) and are phylogenetically unrelated to species of these two similar muriform conidia–producing genera. During this study, we also examined two Conlarium species—C. aquaticum and C. indicum—which are newly recorded for Taiwan. Conidiogenesis in Conlarium and Conlarioidea was studied in cultures, supplemented with observations under a scanning electron microscope.