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<p>Data on the geographical distributions of xerophilic <i>Aspergillus</i> subgenus <i>Aspergillus</i> species in house dust are limited. Thus, the distributions and their limiting factors were evaluated. House dust samples were collected from 122 houses across Japan between 2020 and 2023. <i>Aspergillus</i> strains were isolated from these samples using an osmophilic medium and identified based on calmodulin gene sequences and morphological characteristics. Overall, 448 isolates were obtained from all houses and classified into 16 <i>Aspergillus</i> section <i>Restricti</i> species and 11 <i>Aspergillus</i> section <i>Aspergillus</i> species. <i>Aspergillus clavatophorus</i>, <i>A. penicillioides</i>, and <i>A. restrictus</i> were widely distributed in Japan. A generalized linear model clarified the factors limiting the distribution of each subgenus <i>Aspergillus</i> species. The distributions of eight section <i>Restricti</i> species (<i>A. clavatophorus</i>, <i>A. glabripes</i>, <i>A. gracilis</i>, <i>A. magnivesiculatus</i>, <i>A. penicillioides</i>, <i>A. restrictus</i>, <i>A. reticulatus</i>, and <i>A. vitricola</i>) were limited by cleaning frequency. The distributions of the section <i>Aspergillus</i> species, excluding <i>A. aurantiacoflavus</i>, <i>A. montevidensis</i>, and <i>A. proliferans</i>, were not limited by cleaning frequency. Additionally, the distributions of <i>A. clavatophorus</i> and <i>A. restrictus</i> were limited by altitude; <i>A. clavatophorus</i> and <i>A. glabripes</i> by housing type; <i>A. gracilis</i>, <i>A. restrictus</i>, and <i>A. reticulatus</i> by mean annual temperature; and <i>A. magnivesiculatus</i> and <i>A. penicillioides</i> by distance from the coast. The distribution of <i>A. ruber</i> was limited by housing type rather than by cleaning frequency. No significant limitation was detected for the distributions of <i>A. chevalieri</i>, <i>A. glaucus</i>, <i>A. niveoglaucus</i>, and <i>A. pseudoglaucus</i>. These results suggest that the geographical distributions of many subgenus <i>Aspergillus</i> species in house dust are limited by environmental factors.</p>

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Diversity and geographical distribution of xerophilic Aspergillus subgenus Aspergillus isolated from house dust in Japan

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月18日

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  • Ryo Hagiuda,
  • Yihan Cai,
  • Mitsuru Hirota,
  • Dai Hirose

摘要

Data on the geographical distributions of xerophilic Aspergillus subgenus Aspergillus species in house dust are limited. Thus, the distributions and their limiting factors were evaluated. House dust samples were collected from 122 houses across Japan between 2020 and 2023. Aspergillus strains were isolated from these samples using an osmophilic medium and identified based on calmodulin gene sequences and morphological characteristics. Overall, 448 isolates were obtained from all houses and classified into 16 Aspergillus section Restricti species and 11 Aspergillus section Aspergillus species. Aspergillus clavatophorus, A. penicillioides, and A. restrictus were widely distributed in Japan. A generalized linear model clarified the factors limiting the distribution of each subgenus Aspergillus species. The distributions of eight section Restricti species (A. clavatophorus, A. glabripes, A. gracilis, A. magnivesiculatus, A. penicillioides, A. restrictus, A. reticulatus, and A. vitricola) were limited by cleaning frequency. The distributions of the section Aspergillus species, excluding A. aurantiacoflavus, A. montevidensis, and A. proliferans, were not limited by cleaning frequency. Additionally, the distributions of A. clavatophorus and A. restrictus were limited by altitude; A. clavatophorus and A. glabripes by housing type; A. gracilis, A. restrictus, and A. reticulatus by mean annual temperature; and A. magnivesiculatus and A. penicillioides by distance from the coast. The distribution of A. ruber was limited by housing type rather than by cleaning frequency. No significant limitation was detected for the distributions of A. chevalieri, A. glaucus, A. niveoglaucus, and A. pseudoglaucus. These results suggest that the geographical distributions of many subgenus Aspergillus species in house dust are limited by environmental factors.