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<p><i>Eremothecium</i> species are plant-associated yeasts historically isolated from diseased seeds or fruits and transmitted by certain sap-feeding heteropteran insects. This study explored the diversity of <i>Eremothecium</i> fungi associated with two oil-rich plants, <i>Cardiospermum halicacabum</i> and <i>Koelreuteria henryi</i> (both <i>Sapindaceae</i>), and their three shared insect inhabitants: <i>Jadera haematoloma</i>, <i>Leptocoris vicinus</i>, and <i>L</i>. <i>augur</i>—commonly referred to as soapberry bugs. A total of 65 <i>Eremothecium</i> strains from seeds and soapberry bugs were analyzed. Multilocus phylogenetic analyses (ITS, LSU, SSU, <i>TEF-1α</i>) revealed two novel species, <i>Eremothecium koelreuteriae</i> and <i>E</i>. <i>leptocoridis</i>, which form a clade closely related to <i>E. gossypii</i>. While <i>E</i>. <i>leptocoridis</i> was found on both host plants and all three bug species, <i>E. koelreuteriae</i> was strictly associated with <i>K</i>. <i>henryi</i>, suggesting host-specific ecological adaptation. Morphological and physiological comparisons, including mycelial growth at various temperatures and ascospore size, further support species delineation. Barcode gap analysis demonstrated that IGS and <i>TEF-1α</i> provided superior resolution for species discrimination compared to ITS. These findings highlight the importance of sap-feeding heteropteran insects as effective tools in <i>Eremothecium</i> diversity surveys and provide new insight into the evolution of host and vector specificity in <i>Eremothecium</i>.</p>

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Eremothecium species from Cardiospermum halicacabum and Koelreuteria henryi, and their associated soapberry bugs

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年7月31日

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  • Cheng-Hsuan Li,
  • Jie-Hao Ou,
  • Chi-Yu Chen

摘要

Eremothecium species are plant-associated yeasts historically isolated from diseased seeds or fruits and transmitted by certain sap-feeding heteropteran insects. This study explored the diversity of Eremothecium fungi associated with two oil-rich plants, Cardiospermum halicacabum and Koelreuteria henryi (both Sapindaceae), and their three shared insect inhabitants: Jadera haematoloma, Leptocoris vicinus, and L. augur—commonly referred to as soapberry bugs. A total of 65 Eremothecium strains from seeds and soapberry bugs were analyzed. Multilocus phylogenetic analyses (ITS, LSU, SSU, TEF-1α) revealed two novel species, Eremothecium koelreuteriae and E. leptocoridis, which form a clade closely related to E. gossypii. While E. leptocoridis was found on both host plants and all three bug species, E. koelreuteriae was strictly associated with K. henryi, suggesting host-specific ecological adaptation. Morphological and physiological comparisons, including mycelial growth at various temperatures and ascospore size, further support species delineation. Barcode gap analysis demonstrated that IGS and TEF-1α provided superior resolution for species discrimination compared to ITS. These findings highlight the importance of sap-feeding heteropteran insects as effective tools in Eremothecium diversity surveys and provide new insight into the evolution of host and vector specificity in Eremothecium.