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<p>The Antarctic region is one of the most extreme environments on Earth, characterized by high UV radiation, elevated salinity, limited availability of water and nutrients, and extremely low temperatures. While studies on fungi often focus on filamentous forms and bioprospecting, macroscopic fungi, such as those in the order <i>Agaricales</i>, receive less attention. Since the discovery of <i>Omphalina antarctica</i> in the 1950s, later reclassified as <i>Arrhenia</i>, the genus <i>Omphalina</i> has been represented by <i>Omphalina pyxidata</i> and <i>Omphalina rivulicola</i> in Antarctica. Given the anticipated increase in fungal biodiversity in Antarctica due to climate change, investigating fungal species distribution and monitoring existing populations is crucial. Based on comprehensive morphological and phylogenetic analyses of <i>Agaricales</i> fungi from the Byers Peninsula, Livingston Island, Antarctica, we propose the formal description of four novel species within the genus <i>Omphalina</i> (family <i>Omphalinaceae</i>): <i>Omphalina deschampsiana, Omphalina ichayoi, Omphalina frigida,</i> and <i>Omphalina schaeferi.</i> The unique morphological characteristics of these species, along with molecular data from DNA sequence analyses, clearly differentiate them from other extant species within the genus. These new species identifications augment the known fungal biodiversity of Antarctica and underscores the importance of continued research in polar regions.</p>

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Cold discoveries: morphological and phylogenetic analyses unveil four new species of Omphalina (Agaricales, Basidiomycota) in Antarctica

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年6月27日

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  • Fernando Augusto Bertazzo-Silva,
  • Alice Lemos Costa,
  • Cassiane Furlan-Lopes,
  • Maricia Fantinel D’Ávila,
  • Evelise Leis Carvalho,
  • Jair Putzke,
  • Carlos Ernesto Gonçalves Reynaud Schaefer

摘要

The Antarctic region is one of the most extreme environments on Earth, characterized by high UV radiation, elevated salinity, limited availability of water and nutrients, and extremely low temperatures. While studies on fungi often focus on filamentous forms and bioprospecting, macroscopic fungi, such as those in the order Agaricales, receive less attention. Since the discovery of Omphalina antarctica in the 1950s, later reclassified as Arrhenia, the genus Omphalina has been represented by Omphalina pyxidata and Omphalina rivulicola in Antarctica. Given the anticipated increase in fungal biodiversity in Antarctica due to climate change, investigating fungal species distribution and monitoring existing populations is crucial. Based on comprehensive morphological and phylogenetic analyses of Agaricales fungi from the Byers Peninsula, Livingston Island, Antarctica, we propose the formal description of four novel species within the genus Omphalina (family Omphalinaceae): Omphalina deschampsiana, Omphalina ichayoi, Omphalina frigida, and Omphalina schaeferi. The unique morphological characteristics of these species, along with molecular data from DNA sequence analyses, clearly differentiate them from other extant species within the genus. These new species identifications augment the known fungal biodiversity of Antarctica and underscores the importance of continued research in polar regions.