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<p>Hyperspectral imaging produces high-rate data streams that challenge real-time transmission and storage. FPGA-only storage lacks standard file-system support, while integrated FPGA-ARM platforms (e.g., Zynq) are often constrained by AXI bandwidth. We, therefore, propose a discrete FPGA-ARM architecture with a customized PCIe DMA path. The FPGA performs CameraLink reception and ping-pong buffering, and the ARM side handles Linux-based file management and storage, enabling low-overhead, high-bandwidth transfer with standard file-system compatibility. The system achieves lossless acquisition at 300 fps for 2048 spatial pixels and 120 spectral bands (140.625 MB/s) and sustains 380 MB/s storage throughput. Latency characterization at 380 MB/s shows bounded, low-jitter timing: MSI-to-userspace p99 is 5 µs, enqueue-to-write-commit p99 is 8 µs, and DDR-to-copy completion is <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\sim \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mo>∼</mo> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>14.2 ms. Regression analysis indicates an estimated software-side headroom of about 1.26 GB/s under the tested configuration. These results demonstrate a practical and scalable real-time hyperspectral acquisition pipeline.</p>

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A high-speed PCIe-based data acquisition system for hyperspectral imaging using an FPGA-ARM architecture

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月22日

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  • Min Huang,
  • Ruifan Yang,
  • Wenbin Ge,
  • Shuyang Chen,
  • Mingyang Zhao,
  • Lulu Qian,
  • Jinlin Chen,
  • Zixuan Zhang,
  • Wenhao Zhao,
  • Zhanchao Wang

摘要

Hyperspectral imaging produces high-rate data streams that challenge real-time transmission and storage. FPGA-only storage lacks standard file-system support, while integrated FPGA-ARM platforms (e.g., Zynq) are often constrained by AXI bandwidth. We, therefore, propose a discrete FPGA-ARM architecture with a customized PCIe DMA path. The FPGA performs CameraLink reception and ping-pong buffering, and the ARM side handles Linux-based file management and storage, enabling low-overhead, high-bandwidth transfer with standard file-system compatibility. The system achieves lossless acquisition at 300 fps for 2048 spatial pixels and 120 spectral bands (140.625 MB/s) and sustains 380 MB/s storage throughput. Latency characterization at 380 MB/s shows bounded, low-jitter timing: MSI-to-userspace p99 is 5 µs, enqueue-to-write-commit p99 is 8 µs, and DDR-to-copy completion is \(\sim \) ∼ 14.2 ms. Regression analysis indicates an estimated software-side headroom of about 1.26 GB/s under the tested configuration. These results demonstrate a practical and scalable real-time hyperspectral acquisition pipeline.