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Background <p>The effectiveness and sustainability of workplace health promotion (WHP) depend critically on needs-based program design. This study develops an empirically grounded typology of employees in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) based on their needs regarding structural and behavioral prevention topics.</p> Methods <p>An anonymous cross-sectional online survey (December 2024–April 2025) was conducted among employees from nine SMEs, assessing their needs for WHP measures across 14&#xa0;behavioral and structural prevention topics. Due to limited clusterability, dimensionality reduction of the 14&#xa0;topic-related variables was performed using multiple correspondence analysis (MCA), followed by hierarchical cluster analysis according to Ward’s method. The optimal number of clusters was determined using common quality criteria (semi-partial&#xa0;R<sup>2</sup>, pseudo‑F, pseudo‑T<sup>2</sup>, silhouette analysis). Significant topic areas and their over- or underrepresentation in each cluster were identified using Fisher’s exact test (α = 0.05) and t‑tests. Finally, the employee types were characterized based on sociodemographic, health-related, and work-related variables.</p> Results <p>Analyses were based on 158 fully completed questionnaires (70.3% women). Five employee types were identified: a&#xa0;WHP-willing type, a&#xa0;structurally oriented type, a&#xa0;back-focused type, a&#xa0;team-oriented type, and a&#xa0;WHP-distant type. These differ in aspects such as age, occupational field, and perceived workload.</p> Conclusion <p>The typology provides SMEs with a&#xa0;practice-oriented tool for targeted communication, needs-based planning, and resource allocation in the context of WHP. Validation in intervention studies with larger samples and broader SME representation is recommended.</p>

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Mitarbeitertypen in der betrieblichen Gesundheitsförderung – eine Clusteranalyse auf Basis verhältnis- und verhaltenspräventiver Themenfelder

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月23日

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  • Celina Finger,
  • Patricia von Mallek,
  • Sandra Kus

摘要

Background

The effectiveness and sustainability of workplace health promotion (WHP) depend critically on needs-based program design. This study develops an empirically grounded typology of employees in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) based on their needs regarding structural and behavioral prevention topics.

Methods

An anonymous cross-sectional online survey (December 2024–April 2025) was conducted among employees from nine SMEs, assessing their needs for WHP measures across 14 behavioral and structural prevention topics. Due to limited clusterability, dimensionality reduction of the 14 topic-related variables was performed using multiple correspondence analysis (MCA), followed by hierarchical cluster analysis according to Ward’s method. The optimal number of clusters was determined using common quality criteria (semi-partial R2, pseudo‑F, pseudo‑T2, silhouette analysis). Significant topic areas and their over- or underrepresentation in each cluster were identified using Fisher’s exact test (α = 0.05) and t‑tests. Finally, the employee types were characterized based on sociodemographic, health-related, and work-related variables.

Results

Analyses were based on 158 fully completed questionnaires (70.3% women). Five employee types were identified: a WHP-willing type, a structurally oriented type, a back-focused type, a team-oriented type, and a WHP-distant type. These differ in aspects such as age, occupational field, and perceived workload.

Conclusion

The typology provides SMEs with a practice-oriented tool for targeted communication, needs-based planning, and resource allocation in the context of WHP. Validation in intervention studies with larger samples and broader SME representation is recommended.