Background <p>Health literacy (HL) is an important resource for maintaining health and promoting quality of life. To date, there is little evidence regarding students’ health literacy in Germany. Research into students’ health literacy in connection with selected health indicators can provide important insights for health promotion in the university setting.</p> Objective <p>The aim of this stydy is to record the health literacy and selected health indicators of students and to determine the influence of HL, as well as selected social characteristics on the health and health behavior of the target group.</p> Material and Method <p>The general HL of the students (<i>n</i> = 120) was assessed using the German short form HLS19-Q12. Univariate, bivariate, and multivariate statistical analyses were conducted to calculate the correlations between HL, selected health indicators and social variables.</p> Results <p>A low level of HL was found in 43.6% of students. Approximately 60% of students experienced high psychosocial stress regardless of their HL-level. Unfavorable values concerning subjective health status, general life satisfaction, physical activity, and dietary behavior were more frequently observed in students with low HL.</p> Conclusion <p>The study results suggest that positive values regarding health and health behavior were more frequently observed in students with high HL compared to those with low HL. These aspects indicate that the HL of students should be more strongly considered in designing health-promoting universities.</p>