Soziale Ungleichheiten in der Adipositas im Kindesalter erfordern ein neues Bewusstsein

Worldwide, the prevalence of overweight and obesity is increasing in both adults and children. In 2022, almost 160 million children and adolescents between the ages of 5 and 19 were either overweight or obese. An increase of 100 million is expected by 2030. In Western industrialized nations, there is an inverse socioeconomic gradient regardless of various indicators of social status. Children from families with low socioeconomic status are more likely to suffer from overweight and obesity than their peers from higher social classes. Therefore, obesity prevention is necessary to reduce the suffering of those affected and the economic costs.

To assess, based on existing literature, whether current interventions for preventing childhood obesity are suitable for reducing existing social differences.

Over two-thirds of the studies examined were able to achieve general changes in anthropometric parameters or changes in health behavior (nutrition, exercise). However, only a few studies were successful in reducing social differences. No specific type of intervention was identified as particularly suitable.

Awareness of the existing social gradient in childhood obesity needs to be heightened in all areas (science, industry, media, politics, society) and considered in all planning of prevention programs. A holistic understanding in the management of the obesity pandemic is necessary. The interactions between biological, genetic, cultural, social, economic factors, and the environment in the context of “One Health” must be recognized and taken into account as the highest principle.