Wie gelingt eine soziallagenbezogene Impfprävention? Ein Beispiel der Coronaimpfkampagne des Landes Bremen

The national vaccination strategy in Germany aims to vaccinate as many people as possible against the SARS-CoV‑2 virus. A high willingness to be vaccinated is crucial for this, but is influenced by a variety of factors. Using the 5‑C (confidence, complacency, constraints, calculation, collective responsibility) model of individual vaccination behavior by Betsch et al., this article analyzes the implementation of the national vaccination strategy in Bremen. The aim is to present the implementation of the national vaccination strategy and to highlight the conditions for success for social situation-related prevention measures.

The coronavirus vaccination campaign of the state of Bremen is presented on the basis of systematic research with the authorities at federal and state level as well as information from the organizations responsible for implementation. The locations and capacities of the central and decentralized vaccination centers as well as the vaccination trucks accompanied by the neighborhood health workers are introduced.

The vaccination strategy is characterized by centralized and decentralized vaccination offers, embedded in outreach work by health professionals in the neighborhoods with high needs. Key success factors were flexible, local vaccination services provided by decentralized vaccination centers and vaccination trucks in the districts as well as trustworthy and low-threshold educational work by neighborhood health professionals in the immediate residential environment.

Implementation of social situation-based vaccination prevention in Bremen reached residents who are less receptive to prevention measures due to their social situation, but who are in particular need of support, especially during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Individual and structural barriers were removed by providing vaccination in the neighborhood and through the effective information work of neighborhood health professionals. The adaptability of measures to the living situations of the target groups and the cooperation of various stakeholders are key in increasing the uptake of vaccination and prevention services.