Imaging in sensorineural and conductive hearing loss—an educational review

Hearing loss is the most common sensory impairment globally and can affect all ages. It can be classified into two categories, conductive and sensorineural, though both conditions may coexist. Various causes may be responsible for hearing loss including congenital, infectious, inflammatory and neoplastic. Imaging will help detect or exclude such causes and in combination with the medical history and clinical findings, enable the necessary treatment to be initiated. Imaging also provides an accurate pre-operative anatomical road map for the surgeons to ensure the best possible surgical outcomes. The aim of this educational review is to present a range of common and rare diseases causing hearing loss and provide a brief explanation of the best imaging modalities for each. It also discusses briefly some important anatomical variants which the radiologists should highlight in their report to help prevent inadvertent post-operative complications.