How do large language models answer breast cancer quiz questions? A comparative study of GPT-3.5, GPT-4 and Google Gemini

Applications of large language models (LLMs) in the healthcare field have shown promising results in processing and summarizing multidisciplinary information. This study evaluated the ability of three publicly available LLMs (GPT-3.5, GPT-4, and Google Gemini—then called Bard) to answer 60 multiple-choice questions (29 sourced from public databases, 31 newly formulated by experienced breast radiologists) about different aspects of breast cancer care: treatment and prognosis, diagnostic and interventional techniques, imaging interpretation, and pathology. Overall, the rate of correct answers significantly differed among LLMs (p = 0.010): the best performance was achieved by GPT-4 (95%, 57/60) followed by GPT-3.5 (90%, 54/60) and Google Gemini (80%, 48/60). Across all LLMs, no significant differences were observed in the rates of correct replies to questions sourced from public databases and newly formulated ones (p ≥ 0.593). These results highlight the potential benefits of LLMs in breast cancer care, which will need to be further refined through in-context training.