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<p>Potato late blight (PLB), caused by <i>Phytophthora infestans</i>, limits potato yield and quality in Bangladesh. The inappropriate use of fungicides is increasing production costs, resistance in the pathogen, pollution, and exposing farmers to toxic chemicals. To address these challenges, a comprehensive study was undertaken to validate the CARAH Early Warning System (EWS), incorporating genotypic and phenotypic analyses and evaluating farmers’ perceptions. In particular, CARAH and HSJD developed a fully functional EWS that uses real-time weather data to apply fungicides at optimal times and doses. A total of 79 isolates were identified as EU_13_A2 lineage using SSR markers. Fungicide sensitivity assays (Acrobat MZ and Curzate M8) showed dose-dependent mycelial growth inhibition. Field trials at Apex Agriscience Farm (Gobindaganj) on two varieties (Sunshine and Santana) compared three treatments: T<sub>1</sub>, untreated control; T<sub>2</sub>, farmer’s conventional practices, and T<sub>3</sub>, spray according to CARAH. First infection appeared at 40&#xa0;days after planting (DAP). Farmers’ plots in the surroundings were sprayed 8–12 times, while plots of T<sub>3</sub> only 6 times, on 30, 37, 43, 49, 57, and 68 DAP. Across two consecutive growing seasons, the CARAH EWS consistently provided superior control of PLB and improved economic returns in both cultivars. Mean disease severity under CARAH (T<sub>3</sub>) in Sunshine remained negligible from 50 to 80 DAP, with values ranging from 0.00 to 0.30% (± 0.00–0.06). In Santana, late blight was almost completely suppressed under CARAH, remaining at 0.00% from 50 to 70 DAP and increasing only marginally to 0.10 ± 0.02% at 80 DAP. In contrast, untreated control plots showed rapid disease progression, reaching 50–100% severity by mid-season, while farmer-managed plots (T<sub>2</sub>) maintained consistently higher disease levels (approximately 0.30–1.00%) than CARAH-treated plots. Economic analysis revealed mean benefit–cost ratios of 3.98 ± 0.40 for Sunshine and 4.26 ± 0.44 for Santana, which exceeded those obtained under farmers’ conventional practices (3.40 ± 0.37 and 3.64 ± 0.34, respectively), while reducing treatment costs by approximately 40% compared with T<sub>2</sub>. Therefore, further trials using more potato varieties are required to validate the EWS effectiveness for controlling PLB.</p>

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CARAH Early Warning System in Controlling Potato Late Blight (PLB): A Bangladesh Perspective

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月16日

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  • Md. Hasibul Hasan,
  • Mangal Shahi,
  • Irfan Khan,
  • Md. Mahmudul Hasan,
  • Eifaz Ahmed,
  • Zhang Jun,
  • Maxime Bonnave,
  • François Serneels,
  • Md. Rashidul Islam

摘要

Potato late blight (PLB), caused by Phytophthora infestans, limits potato yield and quality in Bangladesh. The inappropriate use of fungicides is increasing production costs, resistance in the pathogen, pollution, and exposing farmers to toxic chemicals. To address these challenges, a comprehensive study was undertaken to validate the CARAH Early Warning System (EWS), incorporating genotypic and phenotypic analyses and evaluating farmers’ perceptions. In particular, CARAH and HSJD developed a fully functional EWS that uses real-time weather data to apply fungicides at optimal times and doses. A total of 79 isolates were identified as EU_13_A2 lineage using SSR markers. Fungicide sensitivity assays (Acrobat MZ and Curzate M8) showed dose-dependent mycelial growth inhibition. Field trials at Apex Agriscience Farm (Gobindaganj) on two varieties (Sunshine and Santana) compared three treatments: T1, untreated control; T2, farmer’s conventional practices, and T3, spray according to CARAH. First infection appeared at 40 days after planting (DAP). Farmers’ plots in the surroundings were sprayed 8–12 times, while plots of T3 only 6 times, on 30, 37, 43, 49, 57, and 68 DAP. Across two consecutive growing seasons, the CARAH EWS consistently provided superior control of PLB and improved economic returns in both cultivars. Mean disease severity under CARAH (T3) in Sunshine remained negligible from 50 to 80 DAP, with values ranging from 0.00 to 0.30% (± 0.00–0.06). In Santana, late blight was almost completely suppressed under CARAH, remaining at 0.00% from 50 to 70 DAP and increasing only marginally to 0.10 ± 0.02% at 80 DAP. In contrast, untreated control plots showed rapid disease progression, reaching 50–100% severity by mid-season, while farmer-managed plots (T2) maintained consistently higher disease levels (approximately 0.30–1.00%) than CARAH-treated plots. Economic analysis revealed mean benefit–cost ratios of 3.98 ± 0.40 for Sunshine and 4.26 ± 0.44 for Santana, which exceeded those obtained under farmers’ conventional practices (3.40 ± 0.37 and 3.64 ± 0.34, respectively), while reducing treatment costs by approximately 40% compared with T2. Therefore, further trials using more potato varieties are required to validate the EWS effectiveness for controlling PLB.