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<p>Arterial stiffness, a key cardiovascular risk marker, is typically assessed via carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cf-PWV), the gold-standard method. In this study, we introduce CAPE (Continuous Automatic PWV Estimation), an innovative framework for near real-time cf-PWV estimation based on beat-to-beat analysis of laser-Doppler vibrometry (LDV) signals. CAPE integrates automatic fiducial point detection, systematic signal quality control, and a cross-channel strategy to provide a highly reliable assessment of cf-PWV. The framework was evaluated using LDV signals acquired from 100 patients with mild to moderate essential hypertension, using a multichannel laser vibrometry system. CAPE calculates cf-PWV as the ratio of carotid-femoral distance to pulse transit time (PTT), which is the delay between carotid and femoral fiducial points. These points are detected using template-matching on the second derivative of LDV displacement signals. Signal quality in CAPE is ensured through an integrated quality assessment based on the number of automatically detected carotid-femoral peaks, which assigns confidence scores (acceptable or excellent) to the PWV measurements. When validated against the gold-standard applanation tonometry, CAPE achieved a mean bias of 0.25 ± 0.77&#xa0;m/s, demonstrating high reliability and precision. The optimized framework estimates cf-PWV in 3&#xa0;s, making CAPE ideal for clinical applications requiring real-time cardiovascular assessment.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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Real-time beat-to-beat pulse wave velocity estimation: a quality-driven approach using laser Doppler vibrometry

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年7月30日

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  • Silvia Seoni,
  • Patrick Segers,
  • Simeon Beeckman,
  • Massimo Salvi,
  • Marco Romanelli,
  • Smriti Badhwar,
  • Rosa Maria Bruno,
  • Yanlu Li,
  • Soren Aasmul,
  • Nilesh Madhu,
  • Filippo Molinari,
  • Umberto Morbiducci

摘要

Arterial stiffness, a key cardiovascular risk marker, is typically assessed via carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cf-PWV), the gold-standard method. In this study, we introduce CAPE (Continuous Automatic PWV Estimation), an innovative framework for near real-time cf-PWV estimation based on beat-to-beat analysis of laser-Doppler vibrometry (LDV) signals. CAPE integrates automatic fiducial point detection, systematic signal quality control, and a cross-channel strategy to provide a highly reliable assessment of cf-PWV. The framework was evaluated using LDV signals acquired from 100 patients with mild to moderate essential hypertension, using a multichannel laser vibrometry system. CAPE calculates cf-PWV as the ratio of carotid-femoral distance to pulse transit time (PTT), which is the delay between carotid and femoral fiducial points. These points are detected using template-matching on the second derivative of LDV displacement signals. Signal quality in CAPE is ensured through an integrated quality assessment based on the number of automatically detected carotid-femoral peaks, which assigns confidence scores (acceptable or excellent) to the PWV measurements. When validated against the gold-standard applanation tonometry, CAPE achieved a mean bias of 0.25 ± 0.77 m/s, demonstrating high reliability and precision. The optimized framework estimates cf-PWV in 3 s, making CAPE ideal for clinical applications requiring real-time cardiovascular assessment.

Graphical abstract