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<p>Cellular agriculture has demonstrated the feasibility of ex vivo biomass production, yet scaling from unstructured cell aggregates to structured whole-cut tissues remains a central bottleneck. This review examines the engineering requirements for that transition and proposes a useful bifurcation between mammalian and marine systems driven by coupled constraints in metabolism, mass transport, and target tissue architecture. Mammalian myoblasts derived from obligate endotherms typically require ~ 37&#xa0;°C and stringent control of oxygen and pH, whereas many aquatic cell lines operate across broader temperature ranges and may exhibit distinct tolerance to reduced oxygen availability, potentially shifting bioprocess energy and control requirements depending on productivity and sterility assumptions. Beyond physiology, we compare fabrication targets for bovine fascicle-scale organization versus piscine myomere myosepta architectures, emphasizing that “flaking” in fish reflects anisotropic interfacial failure that can be designed into scaffolds and composites. We then evaluate scalable routes to thickness, focusing on perfusion strategies (including hollow-fiber and channelized constructs) that mitigate diffusion-limited viability at &gt; 100–200&#xa0;μm path lengths and enable mm-to-cm scale perfused tissues. Finally, by integrating techno-economic sensitivities with texture metrology, we identify structured marine products as a testable opportunity for selected high-value whole-cut cultivated foods, rather than as an already validated commercialization route. This hypothesis depends on evidence for scalable marine cell-line development, low-cost expansion, reproducible interfacial architecture, spatially uniform viability, cooked-state flaking performance, and regulatory compatibility.</p>

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Engineering Complexity in Cellular Agriculture: Bridging the Gap to Structured Meat and Marine Fillets

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月20日

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  • Abubakar Shuaibu,
  • Nasra Seif Juma,
  • Amina Shuaibu

摘要

Cellular agriculture has demonstrated the feasibility of ex vivo biomass production, yet scaling from unstructured cell aggregates to structured whole-cut tissues remains a central bottleneck. This review examines the engineering requirements for that transition and proposes a useful bifurcation between mammalian and marine systems driven by coupled constraints in metabolism, mass transport, and target tissue architecture. Mammalian myoblasts derived from obligate endotherms typically require ~ 37 °C and stringent control of oxygen and pH, whereas many aquatic cell lines operate across broader temperature ranges and may exhibit distinct tolerance to reduced oxygen availability, potentially shifting bioprocess energy and control requirements depending on productivity and sterility assumptions. Beyond physiology, we compare fabrication targets for bovine fascicle-scale organization versus piscine myomere myosepta architectures, emphasizing that “flaking” in fish reflects anisotropic interfacial failure that can be designed into scaffolds and composites. We then evaluate scalable routes to thickness, focusing on perfusion strategies (including hollow-fiber and channelized constructs) that mitigate diffusion-limited viability at > 100–200 μm path lengths and enable mm-to-cm scale perfused tissues. Finally, by integrating techno-economic sensitivities with texture metrology, we identify structured marine products as a testable opportunity for selected high-value whole-cut cultivated foods, rather than as an already validated commercialization route. This hypothesis depends on evidence for scalable marine cell-line development, low-cost expansion, reproducible interfacial architecture, spatially uniform viability, cooked-state flaking performance, and regulatory compatibility.