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<p>Honey is an ancient natural sweetener and a traditional remedy for many illnesses. It has also been the subject of scientific interest as a functional food with diverse therapeutic uses. This review summarizes and critically evaluates the current knowledge on four widely studied medicinal honeys of diverse botanical origins, namely Manuka, Acacia, Tualang and Gelam, focusing on the relationship between their composition, biological functions and biomedical importance. The first part provides a comparative analysis of the physicochemical characteristics, nutrition and major bioactivity of these honeys, including sugars, enzymes, phenolic compounds and some specific biomarkers such as methylglyoxal. The next section summarizes in vitro and in vivo studies that report their antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, wound repair and anticancer effects, along with the underlying molecular pathways. Finally, it discusses their potential applications in patents and highlights existing limitations, such as variation in composition, need for standardization and lack of rigorously designed clinical trials, which remain barriers to clinical translation. This review builds on the currently scattered literature and outlines a pathway for future research imperative to the development of honey-based therapeutic and nutraceutical applications.</p>

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Nature’s ‘Sweet’ Medicine: A Compendium of Physicochemical Characteristics and Health Benefits of Manuka, Acacia, Tualang and Gelam Honey

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月7日

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  • Vivono Rhetso,
  • Seydur Rahman,
  • Biswa Prasun Chatterji,
  • Partha Pratim Dutta,
  • Anowar Hussain,
  • Manika Chetry

摘要

Honey is an ancient natural sweetener and a traditional remedy for many illnesses. It has also been the subject of scientific interest as a functional food with diverse therapeutic uses. This review summarizes and critically evaluates the current knowledge on four widely studied medicinal honeys of diverse botanical origins, namely Manuka, Acacia, Tualang and Gelam, focusing on the relationship between their composition, biological functions and biomedical importance. The first part provides a comparative analysis of the physicochemical characteristics, nutrition and major bioactivity of these honeys, including sugars, enzymes, phenolic compounds and some specific biomarkers such as methylglyoxal. The next section summarizes in vitro and in vivo studies that report their antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, wound repair and anticancer effects, along with the underlying molecular pathways. Finally, it discusses their potential applications in patents and highlights existing limitations, such as variation in composition, need for standardization and lack of rigorously designed clinical trials, which remain barriers to clinical translation. This review builds on the currently scattered literature and outlines a pathway for future research imperative to the development of honey-based therapeutic and nutraceutical applications.