<p>Innovative solvents like Ionic Liquids (ILs), Deep Eutectic Solvents (DES), and more recently, Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents (NaDES) have emerged as promising alternatives to conventional organic solvents for the extraction of bioactive compounds from plants. These solvents have gained attention due to their efficiency, lower environmental impact, and potential to enhance the selectivity of target compound extraction. Despite significant advancements in this field, a literature review revealed a lack of systematic reviews on the application of these solvents in plant bioactive extraction, over the past five years. Therefore, this study aims to compare ILs, DES, and NaDES in terms of efficiency, applicability, usability, and environmental impact, providing a comprehensive overview of the trends and challenges in this emerging field. The PRISMA methodology was used for article selection, resulting in a total of 77 studies analyzed. The findings indicate a growing number of studies on the use of DES and NaDES, whereas research on ILs for this purpose remains relatively scarce within the investigated period. Furthermore, an increasing trend in combined extraction methods was observed, with a particular emphasis on ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) and microwave-assisted extraction (MAE), which have shown promising effects when used alongside these solvents to enhance bioactive compound extraction. This review contributes to a deeper understanding of the emerging role of DES and NaDES in plant bioactive extraction and highlights the need for further investigations on ILs, particularly within the context of sustainable and cost-effective extraction methodologies.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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The Use of Ionic Liquids and Deep Eutectic Solvents in the Extraction of Phytochemicals with Bioactive Properties: A Review

  • Erlane da Rocha Fernandes,
  • Jefferson Henrique Tiago Barros,
  • Patrícia Martins Guarda,
  • Emerson Adriano Guarda

摘要

Innovative solvents like Ionic Liquids (ILs), Deep Eutectic Solvents (DES), and more recently, Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents (NaDES) have emerged as promising alternatives to conventional organic solvents for the extraction of bioactive compounds from plants. These solvents have gained attention due to their efficiency, lower environmental impact, and potential to enhance the selectivity of target compound extraction. Despite significant advancements in this field, a literature review revealed a lack of systematic reviews on the application of these solvents in plant bioactive extraction, over the past five years. Therefore, this study aims to compare ILs, DES, and NaDES in terms of efficiency, applicability, usability, and environmental impact, providing a comprehensive overview of the trends and challenges in this emerging field. The PRISMA methodology was used for article selection, resulting in a total of 77 studies analyzed. The findings indicate a growing number of studies on the use of DES and NaDES, whereas research on ILs for this purpose remains relatively scarce within the investigated period. Furthermore, an increasing trend in combined extraction methods was observed, with a particular emphasis on ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) and microwave-assisted extraction (MAE), which have shown promising effects when used alongside these solvents to enhance bioactive compound extraction. This review contributes to a deeper understanding of the emerging role of DES and NaDES in plant bioactive extraction and highlights the need for further investigations on ILs, particularly within the context of sustainable and cost-effective extraction methodologies.

Graphical Abstract