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<p>Appearance anxiety has gradually become a major issue among adolescents in the current social media era. This study aims to test the longitudinal correlates, mediators, and a gender difference of adolescents’ appearance anxiety. A total of 563 Chinese primary and middle school students completed the two-wave panel measurements, namely social media addiction, self-rumination, and appearance anxiety. A half-longitudinal mediation analysis and group comparison were conducted to test the intermediary role of self-rumination on the link between social media addiction and appearance anxiety, with a gender difference on this pathway. The study’s results revealed that self-rumination significantly and partially mediated the association of social media addiction with adolescent appearance anxiety. Additionally, the positive relationship between social media addiction and appearance anxiety was stronger in female adolescents than in male adolescents. That is, compared with male adolescents, female adolescents were more prone to develop appearance anxiety when confronted with social media addiction. These results provide deeper insight into the longitudinal relationships between social media addiction, self-rumination, and appearance anxiety, as well as the moderating role of gender, which may inform interventions and prevention efforts targeting adolescents’ appearance anxiety.</p>

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From Social Media Addiction to Appearance Anxiety During Early Adolescence: the Roles of Self-Rumination and Gender in a Two-Wave Longitudinal Study

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月26日

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  • Zhiyou Wang,
  • Ning Ding,
  • Hongtu Ye,
  • Ling Lin

摘要

Appearance anxiety has gradually become a major issue among adolescents in the current social media era. This study aims to test the longitudinal correlates, mediators, and a gender difference of adolescents’ appearance anxiety. A total of 563 Chinese primary and middle school students completed the two-wave panel measurements, namely social media addiction, self-rumination, and appearance anxiety. A half-longitudinal mediation analysis and group comparison were conducted to test the intermediary role of self-rumination on the link between social media addiction and appearance anxiety, with a gender difference on this pathway. The study’s results revealed that self-rumination significantly and partially mediated the association of social media addiction with adolescent appearance anxiety. Additionally, the positive relationship between social media addiction and appearance anxiety was stronger in female adolescents than in male adolescents. That is, compared with male adolescents, female adolescents were more prone to develop appearance anxiety when confronted with social media addiction. These results provide deeper insight into the longitudinal relationships between social media addiction, self-rumination, and appearance anxiety, as well as the moderating role of gender, which may inform interventions and prevention efforts targeting adolescents’ appearance anxiety.