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<p>Surface lattice resonance (SLR) plays a pivotal role in biosensing and nanophotonics owing to its high quality factor (Q-factor) and strong near-field localization. However, conventional SLR devices face critical bottlenecks including non-tunable optical responses, limited functional integration, and complex tuning strategies, which severely hamper their applications in complex scenarios. In this work, we report the fabrication of a sandwich-structured microfluidic chip featuring a periodic gold nanorod array (GNA) as the core optical element. This device realizes multimodal sensing integration under flexible regulation: resonance tuning via RI regulation in the absence of dyes, high-sensitivity refractive index (RI) sensing with fixed near-infrared dyes, and fluorescent dye discrimination with visible dyes. Furthermore, it can generate laser emission under optical pumping, demonstrating great potential for wavelength-encoded sensing. Experimental results demonstrate that within the RI range of 1.46–1.50, the SLR resonance peak exhibits a continuous and reversible tuning range of 18&#xa0;nm, with a sensing sensitivity of 450&#xa0;nm/RIU and a figure of merit (FOM) of 37.5. The fluorescent dye discrimination mode exhibits a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.1 µmol/L and is capable of discriminating between different fluorescent dye molecules. Finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) simulations verify that the device can generate laser emission under 800&#xa0;nm femtosecond laser pumping. Within the RI range of 1.46–1.52, the laser wavelength tuning range reaches 14&#xa0;nm, with an encoding sensitivity of 233&#xa0;nm/RIU. This work establishes a comprehensive modulation framework covering flexible regulation, SLR mode manipulation, and multimodal sensing integration, and clarifies the physical mechanism rooted in the long-range coupling and strong near-field localization of SLR. This work provides a novel strategy for the development of multimodal integrated photonic devices, fluorescent dye detection, and high-sensitivity RI sensing systems.</p>

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Microfluidic Surface Lattice Resonance Chip for Multi-Mode Refractive Index Sensing and Fluorescent Dye Discrimination

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月1日

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  • Jun Wang,
  • Dan Su,
  • Zong-Ru Yang,
  • Pan-Qin Sun,
  • Hui-Yan Ye,
  • Zhen-Zhi Hu,
  • Tong Zhang

摘要

Surface lattice resonance (SLR) plays a pivotal role in biosensing and nanophotonics owing to its high quality factor (Q-factor) and strong near-field localization. However, conventional SLR devices face critical bottlenecks including non-tunable optical responses, limited functional integration, and complex tuning strategies, which severely hamper their applications in complex scenarios. In this work, we report the fabrication of a sandwich-structured microfluidic chip featuring a periodic gold nanorod array (GNA) as the core optical element. This device realizes multimodal sensing integration under flexible regulation: resonance tuning via RI regulation in the absence of dyes, high-sensitivity refractive index (RI) sensing with fixed near-infrared dyes, and fluorescent dye discrimination with visible dyes. Furthermore, it can generate laser emission under optical pumping, demonstrating great potential for wavelength-encoded sensing. Experimental results demonstrate that within the RI range of 1.46–1.50, the SLR resonance peak exhibits a continuous and reversible tuning range of 18 nm, with a sensing sensitivity of 450 nm/RIU and a figure of merit (FOM) of 37.5. The fluorescent dye discrimination mode exhibits a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.1 µmol/L and is capable of discriminating between different fluorescent dye molecules. Finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) simulations verify that the device can generate laser emission under 800 nm femtosecond laser pumping. Within the RI range of 1.46–1.52, the laser wavelength tuning range reaches 14 nm, with an encoding sensitivity of 233 nm/RIU. This work establishes a comprehensive modulation framework covering flexible regulation, SLR mode manipulation, and multimodal sensing integration, and clarifies the physical mechanism rooted in the long-range coupling and strong near-field localization of SLR. This work provides a novel strategy for the development of multimodal integrated photonic devices, fluorescent dye detection, and high-sensitivity RI sensing systems.