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<p>This study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial activity of PLAL-synthesized gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) against environmentally isolated waterborne pathogens. AuNPs were successfully synthesized via a green pulsed laser ablation in liquid (PLAL) technique, offering a clean and chemical-free route for nanomaterial production. Structural and morphological analyses confirmed the formation of crystalline, well-dispersed AuNPs with an average size of ~ 47 nm, while zeta potential measurements (− 39 mV) demonstrated excellent colloidal stability. The antibacterial performance of AuNPs was evaluated against <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>, <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>, and <i>Acinetobacter baumannii</i>, revealing a clear concentration-dependent response. The inhibition zone increased from ~ 6 mm (control) to ~ 18 mm at the highest concentration, with S. aureus exhibiting the highest susceptibility. The superior antibacterial activity is attributed to the synergistic effects of nanoscale size, high surface reactivity, and strong dispersion stability, which enhance nanoparticle–cell interactions and induce cellular damage. The inhibition zone increased from 6.04 ± 0.10 mm in the control group to 18.10 ± 0.46 mm at the highest AuNP concentration of 3.1 mg/L, demonstrating strong concentration-dependent antibacterial activity.</p>

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An Eco-Friendly Pulsed Laser Synthesis of Gold Nanoparticles as Sustainable Antibacterial Agents for Contaminated Water

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年8月4日

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  • Arkan Kareem Buraihi,
  • Zainab J. Shanan,
  • Nisreen Kh. Abdalameer

摘要

This study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial activity of PLAL-synthesized gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) against environmentally isolated waterborne pathogens. AuNPs were successfully synthesized via a green pulsed laser ablation in liquid (PLAL) technique, offering a clean and chemical-free route for nanomaterial production. Structural and morphological analyses confirmed the formation of crystalline, well-dispersed AuNPs with an average size of ~ 47 nm, while zeta potential measurements (− 39 mV) demonstrated excellent colloidal stability. The antibacterial performance of AuNPs was evaluated against Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Acinetobacter baumannii, revealing a clear concentration-dependent response. The inhibition zone increased from ~ 6 mm (control) to ~ 18 mm at the highest concentration, with S. aureus exhibiting the highest susceptibility. The superior antibacterial activity is attributed to the synergistic effects of nanoscale size, high surface reactivity, and strong dispersion stability, which enhance nanoparticle–cell interactions and induce cellular damage. The inhibition zone increased from 6.04 ± 0.10 mm in the control group to 18.10 ± 0.46 mm at the highest AuNP concentration of 3.1 mg/L, demonstrating strong concentration-dependent antibacterial activity.