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<p>In this study, calcium oxide nanoparticles (CaO NPs) were synthesized using a modified co-precipitation method involving PEG-200 as a stabilizer inside a stream of argon gas bubbles as an inert atmosphere to enhance purity and prevent CO₂ contamination. Silver doping was achieved at 1%, 3%, and 5% by weight to evaluate its effect on physicochemical properties and anticancer potential. X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), UV-Vis spectroscopy, zeta potential analysis, and FTIR techniques revealed a crystalline structure and nanoscale size with optical transitions associated with silver. Silver incorporation led to a reduction in particle size and increased structural heterogeneity, with C3 (3% Ag) and C5 (5% Ag) samples showing distinct changes in morphology and distribution. UV–Vis spectra showed a red shift with plasmonic absorption at 420–450&#xa0;nm and a decrease in the energy gap to 5.52&#xa0;eV for the C3 sample. Cytotoxicity assays using the MTT method against MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells showed enhanced toxicity for silver-doped samples at lower concentrations, particularly C5, which exhibited ~ 88% inhibition at 25&#xa0;µg/mL. Importantly, C3 and C5 maintained low toxicity toward normal cells, especially at therapeutic doses, indicating a favorable therapeutic index. These findings suggest that Ag-doped CaO nanoparticles, particularly C3, possess enhanced anticancer efficacy with reduced side effects, making them promising candidates for future nanomedical applications.</p>

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Evaluating Calcium Overload by Pure and Ag-Doped CaO Nanoparticles for Cancer Therapy

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月19日

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  • Ihab Adnan Thabet,
  • Selma M. H. Al-Jawad,
  • Ali A. Taha

摘要

In this study, calcium oxide nanoparticles (CaO NPs) were synthesized using a modified co-precipitation method involving PEG-200 as a stabilizer inside a stream of argon gas bubbles as an inert atmosphere to enhance purity and prevent CO₂ contamination. Silver doping was achieved at 1%, 3%, and 5% by weight to evaluate its effect on physicochemical properties and anticancer potential. X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), UV-Vis spectroscopy, zeta potential analysis, and FTIR techniques revealed a crystalline structure and nanoscale size with optical transitions associated with silver. Silver incorporation led to a reduction in particle size and increased structural heterogeneity, with C3 (3% Ag) and C5 (5% Ag) samples showing distinct changes in morphology and distribution. UV–Vis spectra showed a red shift with plasmonic absorption at 420–450 nm and a decrease in the energy gap to 5.52 eV for the C3 sample. Cytotoxicity assays using the MTT method against MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells showed enhanced toxicity for silver-doped samples at lower concentrations, particularly C5, which exhibited ~ 88% inhibition at 25 µg/mL. Importantly, C3 and C5 maintained low toxicity toward normal cells, especially at therapeutic doses, indicating a favorable therapeutic index. These findings suggest that Ag-doped CaO nanoparticles, particularly C3, possess enhanced anticancer efficacy with reduced side effects, making them promising candidates for future nanomedical applications.