<p>Plasmonic nanostructures typically exhibit shifts in their resonant wavelength in response to changes in the refractive index of the surrounding medium. This limits their applications in scenarios requiring stable optical resonances. Here we present a metallic-dielectric hybrid metasurface that exhibits stable multi-wavelength resonance even if the refractive index of its surrounding varies. To quantitatively evaluate the stability of the optical response, we introduce a stability factor <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">$F_S=\Delta n/\Delta \lambda $</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msub> <mi>F</mi> <mi>S</mi> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">Δ</mi> <mi>n</mi> <mo stretchy="false">/</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">Δ</mi> <mi>λ</mi> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>. Here, <InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">$ \Delta n $</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal">Δ</mi> <mi>n</mi> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> and <InlineEquation ID="IEq3"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">$ \Delta \lambda $</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal">Δ</mi> <mi>λ</mi> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> represent variation of refractive index and shift of the resonant wavelength, respectively. A larger factor indicates better stability. The factor reaches 5 <InlineEquation ID="IEq4"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">$\mathrm {RIU/\mu m}$</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal">RIU</mi> <mo stretchy="false">/</mo> <mi>μ</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">m</mi> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> when silicon is employed as the central dielectric and increases to 33.3 <InlineEquation ID="IEq5"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">$\mathrm {RIU/\mu m}$</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal">RIU</mi> <mo stretchy="false">/</mo> <mi>μ</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">m</mi> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> when Bi<InlineEquation ID="IEq6"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">$_2$</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mmultiscripts> <mrow /> <mn>2</mn> <mrow /> </mmultiscripts> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>Te<InlineEquation ID="IEq7"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">$_3$</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mmultiscripts> <mrow /> <mn>3</mn> <mrow /> </mmultiscripts> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> is utilized instead. The proposed innovative structure has potential applications in the development of substrates for in-vitro cell cultivation. Under broadband light illumination, it stably absorbs light at specific wavelengths, creating a consistent optical microenvironment leading to cell growth. It can find potential applications in precise control of various cellular processes, including metabolism and differentiation. It potentially brings a paradigm shift in the fields of cell based research and regenerative medicine, opening up new avenues for scientific exploration and therapeutic advancements.</p>

Stable Multi-Wavelength Resonant Metal-dielectric Hybrid Nanostructure in the Infrared Range

期刊论文
发表日期：

2025年11月1日

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Xiaoyuan Lu,
Andrea Tognazzi,
Vasily Klimov,
Victor Nikolaevich Zadkov,
Alfonso C. Cino,
Costantino De Angelis,
Gang Xu,
Feng Song,
Gaobo Wang,
Xueli Zhao,
Sheng Guo

摘要

Plasmonic nanostructures typically exhibit shifts in their resonant wavelength in response to changes in the refractive index of the surrounding medium. This limits their applications in scenarios requiring stable optical resonances. Here we present a metallic-dielectric hybrid metasurface that exhibits stable multi-wavelength resonance even if the refractive index of its surrounding varies. To quantitatively evaluate the stability of the optical response, we introduce a stability factor $F_S=\Delta n/\Delta \lambda $ $F_{S} = Δ n / Δ λ$ . Here, $ \Delta n $ $Δ n$ and $ \Delta \lambda $ $Δ λ$ represent variation of refractive index and shift of the resonant wavelength, respectively. A larger factor indicates better stability. The factor reaches 5 $\mathrm {RIU/\mu m}$ $RIU / μ m$ when silicon is employed as the central dielectric and increases to 33.3 $\mathrm {RIU/\mu m}$ $RIU / μ m$ when Bi $_2$ $_{2}$ Te $_3$ $_{3}$ is utilized instead. The proposed innovative structure has potential applications in the development of substrates for in-vitro cell cultivation. Under broadband light illumination, it stably absorbs light at specific wavelengths, creating a consistent optical microenvironment leading to cell growth. It can find potential applications in precise control of various cellular processes, including metabolism and differentiation. It potentially brings a paradigm shift in the fields of cell based research and regenerative medicine, opening up new avenues for scientific exploration and therapeutic advancements.